3D luam ntawv ua haujlwm li cas?

Ib txoj kev tsim khoom ntxiv yog 3D luam ntawv. Nws yog "ntxiv" nyob rau hauv uas nws tsuas yog stacks thiab fused txheej ntawm cov khoom los tsim cov khoom tiag tiag es tsis txhob xav tau ib qho thaiv ntawm cov khoom los yog pwm. Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov geometries nyuaj dua li "paj" thev naus laus zis, feem ntau nrawm, muaj cov nqi pheej yig ruaj khov, thiab ua haujlwm nrog ntau yam khoom siv ntxiv. Kev lag luam engineering ua rau nws siv ntau heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum prototyping thiab tsim cov duab geometry sib sib zog nqus.

Additive manufacturing thiab 3D luam ntawv

Lub sij hawm "3D luam ntawv" feem ntau txuas rau cov kab lis kev cai, cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg nyiam, cov tshuab luam ntawv duab, cov txheej txheem luam ntawv zoo li FDM, thiab cov khoom pheej yig xws li ABS thiab PLA. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv pheej yig uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm RepRap txav, xws li thawj MakerBot thiab Ultimaker, uas tau pab txhawb rau kev ywj pheej ntawm 3D luam ntawv thiab xyoo 2009 3D luam ntawv boom.

3D Printing Technology: Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab

3Dluam ntawvkeeb kwm

3D luam ntawv tswvyim khoom pib nyob rau hauv 1970s. Xyoo 1981, tus kws tshawb fawb Nyij Pooj Dr. Kodama, uas yog thawj tus piav qhia txog txheej txheej ntawm txheej txheej luam ntawv, sim 3D luam ntawv, thiab tus kheej tsim SLA (stereolithography) 3D tshuab luam ntawv-photosensitive resin polymerized los ntawm ultraviolet lub teeb.

Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, tus kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas Charles Hull kuj tau ua qhov kev tshawb fawb tob txog cov thev naus laus zis ntawm SLA, thiab xa thawj patent ntawm SLA hauv xyoo 1986. Founded 3D Systems thiab tso tawm lawv thawj cov khoom lag luam, SLA-1, xyoo 1988. (daim duab hauv qab no)

SLA tuaj yeem hais tias yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws tsim 3D tshuab luam ntawv, yog li thaum twg SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) thiab FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) tom qab

Xyoo 1988, Asmeskas Carl Deckard tau patented SLS thev naus laus zis ntawm University of Texas, uas yog lwm txoj kev luam ntawv 3D uas lub laser hauv zos fuses hmoov ua ke los luam. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Scott Crump, ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm Stratasys, thov rau ib tug patent rau fused deposition qauv (FDM). Los ntawm 1980 mus rau 1990, peb lub ntsiab technologies ntawm 3D luam ntawv yog tag nrho cov patented, cim pib ntawm ib lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob sai hauv kev lag luam. .

Hauv Tebchaws Europe, EOS GmbH tau tsim cov qauv tsim rau 3D luam ntawv: Stereos" system.Hnub no, nws cov qauv 3D luam tawm hauv kev lag luam tau siv thoob ntiaj teb rau SLS 3D tshuab luam ntawv (Xaiv Laser Sintering) rau cov yas thiab hlau tau lees paub hauv.

Xyoo 1992, FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D tshuab luam ntawv patent tau tso cai los ntawm Stratasys, uas tsim cov tshuab luam ntawv 3D kom tau raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij thiab cov tib neeg.

Los ntawm 1993 txog 1999, ntau yam thev naus laus zis tau tshwm sim hauv kev lag luam 3D luam ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau thiab ntau dua tshiab CAD software, thiab 3D qauv software tau tsim, piv txwv li, Sanders Prototype (tam sim no hu ua Solidscape) uas yog ib qho ntawm thawj cov neeg koom tsim.

3D luam ntawv ntau daim ntawv thov

Nyob rau hauv 2008, thawj 3D-printed prosthetic tuaj tawm, uas ntxiv nce qhov sib koom ntawm 3D luam ntawv hauv xov xwm. Cov neeg pom tias 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog luam tawm cov khoom qub xwb tab sis kuj tseem siv tau rau tib neeg lub cev kho. Qhov kev kho mob zoo kawg nkaus 3D tshuab luam ntawv no ua ke txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab tuaj yeem luam tawm "raws li yog" yam tsis muaj kev sib dhos tom ntej. Niaj hnub no, ua ke nrog 3D scanning, 3D luam ntawv kho mob prostheses, thiab orthotics tau txais pheej yig dua thiab sai dua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg mob. Ntxiv mus, cov prostheses no tau nce optimized thiab yoog raws tus neeg mob lub morphology. 3D luam ntawv coj cov cib fim tshiab rau kev ua tus kheej loj. (ntxiv duab)

2009 yog lub xyoo uas FDM patents nkag mus rau hauv kev noj zaub mov loj, uas tau qhib txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm FDM 3D tshuab luam ntawv. Raws li tus nqi ntawm desktop 3D tshuab luam ntawv poob qis, ntau thiab ntau tus neeg muaj peev xwm them sai sai rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm 3D luam ntawv kev lag luam.

Hauv xyoo 2013, Asmeskas Thawj Tswj Hwm Barack Obama tau hais txog 3D luam ntawv hauv nws lub Xeev Lub Tsev Haujlwm uas yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej, ua "3D luam ntawv" yog lo lus tsis txaus ntseeg. Tam sim no, nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv pej xeem lub siab yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Ntau thiab ntau lub tuam txhab me me thiab nruab nrab tau ua kom zoo dua ntawm tus nqi qis prototyping muab los ntawm 3D luam ntawv, tag nrho ua ke rau hauv lawv cov iteration, innovation thiab ntau lawm txheej txheem.

3D printing tswvyim tsheb

Raws li kev tsim cov ntawv thov kev txhawj xeeb, 3D luam ntawv lub tsev tam sim no yog qhov tseeb. Cov neeg tau tsiv mus rau hauv 3D luam ntawv lub tsev thawj zaug hauv 2018. Lub tsev muaj thaj tsam ntawm 1022 square feet, uas yog qhov zoo nkauj heev. Nws siv tag nrho ob hnub los luam tawm.

Qhov kev faib tawm ntawm 3D luam ntawv ntawm qhov zoo sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab 3D luam ntawv

Coj lub pob hollowed tawm ua piv txwv. Muaj ntau tshaj li kaum lub paj ntawm qhov chaw. Yog hais tias nws yog ua tiav los ntawm ib txwm machining, nws yuav teeb meem heev, thiab cov qauv yuav tsum tau hloov ib tug los ntawm ib tug. Thiab yog tias koj xaiv 3D luam ntawv, tsis muaj cov khoom pov tseg, yog li nws kuj muaj lub npe hu ua additive manufacturing, uas txhais tau hais tias cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv maj mam siv los tsim cov khoom siv lub cev. Cov txheej txheem ib txwm ua yog ua kom lub embryo ua ntej, tom qab ntawd tshem tawm cov khoom siv ntau dhau, thiab cov khoom seem yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Yog tias pom muaj teeb meem, nws yuav tsum qhib pwm thiab hloov kho; thaum 3D luam ntawv siv me me los ntawm cov khoom siv me me, koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom tiav sai.

3D tshuab luam ntawv realization

3D tshuab luam ntawv yog siv rau kev tsim khoom. Dab tsi 3D luam ntawv yuav tsum tau siv tsis yog lub cev khoom, tab sis tus qauv digital. Yog tias koj xav luam 3D cov khoom tiag rau pem hauv ntej, ces koj yuav tsum siv lub computer los ua qauv, lossis siv 3D scanner los digitize cov khoom tiag, uas yog, 3D qauv, thiab koj tuaj yeem luam tawm yam tsawg li kaum tsib feeb. Tam sim no, 3D tshuab luam ntawv tau muab faib ua plaub pawg loj: FDM, DLP / SLA, thiab SLS

SLS-- laser sintering molding txheej txheem

SLS yog ib cov hmoov uas siv high-tech uas yaj nyob rau hauv high-temperature tej yam kev mob ntawm laser irradiation. Tshaj tawm ib txheej ntawm cov hmoov nyias nyias rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, thiab luam theej duab hla ntu ntawm txheej nrog lub laser beam kom nce qhov kub thiab txias mus rau qhov melting point, thiaj li kom paub txog sintering thiab kev sib txuas, rov ua cov hmoov sib kis, sintering, sib tsoo, thiab ziab kom txog thaum tus qauv tsim. Qhov tseeb, 3D luam ntawv yog 2D luam ntawv ntau dua. Yog tias koj hlais ib qho khoom nyias nyias, koj yuav pom tias txhua daim muaj ib qho duab. Yog tias koj muab tag nrho cov duab ua ke, koj tau txais ib qho khoom siv peb-dimensional. Yog li peb siv lasers los kos duab. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm SLS molded qhov chaw rau ib puag ncig (kub, av noo, thiab tshuaj lom neeg corrosion) zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv thermoplastic; Thaum qhov tsis kam ntawm SLA molded qhov chaw yog qhov tsis zoo, piv txwv li, SLA workpieces molded nrog epoxy resin yog qhov cuam tshuam rau ya raws thiab tshuaj. Corrosion, nws yuav soften thiab warp nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig saum toj no 38 ° C, tab sis lub forming raug yog siab.

SLA --stereolithography molding txheej txheem

SLA yog lub teeb-kho tshuab, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv Suav teb tam sim no. "Stereolithography" yog thaum lub laser beam qhia txog thawj txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov kua resin, thiab tom qab ntawd lub platform tsim tau qis dua los ntawm ib qho kev ncua deb (nruab nrab ntawm 0.05-0.025mm), thiab tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheej solidified yog immersed hauv cov kua resin, thiab lwm yam. Cov resin siv yog cov photosensitive resin, uas yuav tsim ib lub xeev tom qab irradiated los ntawm lub laser beam, thiab cov qauv tsim yog ceev thiab meej.

DLP-- stereolithography molding txheej txheem

DLP digital light processing, hu ua laser shaping technology. DLP 3D tshuab luam ntawv muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws nrog SLA 3D tshuab luam ntawv. Yog tias kev tsim khoom zoo li kos lub voj voog nrog xaum, ces SLA thev naus laus zis yog sib npaug rau kev kos duab los ntawm txheej, thaum DLP yog sib npaug rau stamping ncaj qha. Kev tsim khoom loj uas peb tab tom nrhiav muaj ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, ib qho yog kev ua tau zoo, thiab lwm qhov yog cov khoom siv. Muaj lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D uas tuaj yeem luam tawm ntau pua lub sijhawm sai dua li kev tsim khoom ib txwm muaj, uas yog, lub ntsej muag-rau-lub ntsej muag thev naus laus zis, uas tau tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab hauv Shenzhen, Lub Teeb Prism Technology. Nws yuav siv sij hawm 2-5 teev los luam ib lub pob hollow nrog cov tsoos FDM 3D luam ntawv, thiab nws yuav siv sij hawm ib teev ntawm qhov ceev tshaj plaws, tab sis nws tsuas yog siv li 10 feeb los luam tawm nrog lub ntsej muag ntsej muag tshiab. Cov luam ntawv ceev yog amazing. Thaum no 3D luam ntawv yog nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, Qhov cuam tshuam rau cov tsoos crafts tseem zoo heev.

FDM --Fused Deposition Moulding txheej txheem

Piv nrog DLP thiab SLS thev naus laus zis, FDM thev naus laus zis yog qhov yooj yim, yog li nws muaj cov neeg tuaj saib coob thiab nkag mus rau tsev neeg yooj yim dua. Tus qauv tsim ncaj qha los ntawm 3D CAD cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv thermoplastic extruded rau hauv ib nrab-molten filament, uas yog tso rau ntawm txheej txheej. Qhov zoo ntawm FDM thev naus laus zis yog cov qauv siv tshuab yooj yim, tsim tau yooj yim, tsis tshua muaj nqi tsim khoom, tus nqi tu thiab khoom siv, thiab tsis muaj kuab paug rau ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, FDM tseem yog cov cuab yeej siv dav tshaj plaws hauv tsev 3D tshuab luam ntawv. Nws yog ib txoj kev luam ntawv ib txwm siv, uas tsis siv laser thiab muaj tus nqi qis, tab sis qhov tseeb tsis siab thiab kev luam ntawv nrawm heev. Qhov no yog txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws rau txhua tus, thiab nws feem ntau yog siv hauv kev lag luam kev kawm.

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm 3D Printing ntawm Kev Tsim Khoom thiab Kev Craftsmanship

Qhov zoo ntawm 3D luam ntawv

(1) Customization

Noj kev kho hniav ua piv txwv, txhua tus hniav sib txawv, tab sis 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem daws qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim khoom loj, thiab cov khoom loj tsim cov khoom cog, cov hlua khi, thiab lwm yam.

(2) coj mus kuaj lub sijhawm

Vim tias qhov ceev ceev ntawm 3D luam ntawv, tus tsim qauv tsim cov qauv ntawm cov khoom thaum sawv ntxov, thiab cov thawj coj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom tiav thaum tav su, thiab tom qab ntawd tsim lwm cov qauv ntawm 6 teev tsaus ntuj, thiab tuaj yeem pom cov khoom tiav rau tag kis sawv ntxov, uas ua rau cov khoom lag luam tshiab nrawm heev. Yog tias nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb, 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom tiav hauv 3 teev, thaum cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ib txwm siv 4-6 lub lis piam txhua lub sijhawm, yog li tag nrho cov kev lag luam tsim tau zoo dua qub.

(3) Tsis muaj kuab paug

 Txij li cov khoom siv raw khoom tsim yog txhua tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig, tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog cov khoom tsis muaj kuab lom. Tsis muaj kuab paug ntawm cov pa khib nyiab thiab dej khib nyiab, thiab tsis muaj cov khoom pov tseg.

(4) Dataization

Thaum cov kev kho hniav digital loj tuaj, cov kev cai rau cov kws kho mob yuav raug txo kom tsawg. Cov neeg mob tsuas yog yuav tsum tau siv lub ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ob feeb hauv tsev kho mob, thiab lawv tuaj yeem paub qhov ua rau thiab kev daws teeb meem ntawm txhua yam teeb meem kho hniav.

Tsis tas li ntawd, 3D luam ntawv kuj tuaj yeem siv rau orthodontics, luam ntawv tus kheej thiab customized pob tshab braces. Thaum phais yas, cov hniav puas yuav txav mus rau sab laug lossis mus tom ntej? Muaj pes tsawg millimeter txav? Yav dhau los, kev phais kho hniav tsuas yog nyob ntawm tus kws kho mob qhov kev paub dhau los, tab sis kev kho hniav digital tau ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab txo qis qhov chaw pib rau cov kws kho mob.

(5) Ceev

 Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem kev lag luam ib txwm muaj, 3D luam ntawv tsis tas yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej xws li cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab kev thauj mus los. Nws tsuas yog xav tau cov tshuab thiab cov khoom siv raw, thiab nws tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom sai.

(6) Automation

 Nws tuaj yeem hais tias tsuas muaj ib lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D ntawm lub tswv yim virtual thiab qhov tiag. Kev tsim ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm 3D luam ntawv txuag ntau tus nqi zog thiab tib neeg yuam kev.