Ihe omumu ohuru choputara ihe etinyere ahuike nke Titanium na-aru nke oma

3D ebipụta titanium usoro

Tụnyere na omenala usoro, uru nke 3D obibi technology n'ichepụta ahaziri ịwa implant ọnụ ọgụgụ na-tumadi egosipụta na: 3D obibi free akpụ e ji mara nwere ike ngwa ngwa na n'ụzọ ziri ezi hazie n'ime implant, nwere ike imeri omenala eluigwe na ala implant udi bụ ekwekọghị na ahụ mmadụ na ya n'ibu Njirimara na-adịghị ruo ọkọlọtọ nsogbu; N'imepụta ihe owuwu dị mgbagwoju anya na ngwaahịa siri ike na-arụ ọrụ, micro-structures ahaziri onwe ya, ọkachasị n'ihe owuwu, nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị izute akụrụngwa anụ ahụ na kemịkal, kamakwa kwalite biohistocompatibility.

Usoro uru nke a nwere ike imeri nke ọma nsogbu ndị a na-ahụkarị nke ichebe nchekasị na obere ọrụ ndu nke etinyere. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe ndị a na-ejikarị ebipụta 3D titanium alloys bụ teknụzụ SLM na teknụzụ EBM.

Nhọrọ Laser Melting (SLM) na-eji laser dị ka isi iyi ọkụ na-ahọrọ irradiate ihe ndị e debere ntụ ntụ iji nweta agbaze ngwa ngwa. Ụkpụrụ bụ isi na-arụ ọrụ bụ na n'okpuru ebe nchekwa ikuku inert, ngwá ọrụ na ngwá ọrụ na-achịkwa ọkụ laser dị ka ụzọ njuputa na-emejuputa usoro nhazi usoro iji họrọ ma gbazee oyi akwa ọ bụla.

Mgbe ahụ, a na-agbanye ikpo okwu ahụ, a na-edobe ntụ ntụ ọzọ ma na-emegharị ihe ugboro ugboro ruo mgbe ọdịdị ahụ dum malitere. Nchekwa ikuku inert na-egbochi ígwè ka ọ na-emeghachi omume na gas ndị ọzọ na okpomọkụ dị elu. SLM technology bụ nnọọ wide nso nke akpụ ihe, ihe na-azọpụta ihe na recyclable, adịghị mkpa chepụta na-akwadebe mgbagwoju support usoro, a usoro nke uru na-eme ka SLM technology bụ ihe na ọtụtụ ebe.

Otú ọ dị, SLM nwekwara ụfọdụ ihe ndọghachi azụ: n'ihi obere ike laser na nyocha galvanometer deflection Angle, oke akụkụ nke SLM kwadebere ga-adị oke; Igwe ọkụ laser dị elu na akụrụngwa ngwa anya dị elu dị oke ọnụ iji mepụta, nke na-abawanye ibu arọ akụ na ụba ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. N'ihi iji ihe ntụ ntụ na teknụzụ SLM, ọdịdị elu nke akụkụ ndị a kpụrụ akpụ nwere ike bụrụ nsogbu, nke chọrọ nhazi nke abụọ nke ngwaahịa a ga-eji rụọ ọrụ na-esote; Spheroidization na warping ntụpọ nwekwara ike ime na nhazi usoro, nke na-achọ a n'ihu nzọụkwụ na-akpachapụ anya na-ebuli usoro nhazi Electron doo agbaze, EBM bụ a usoro na-eji eletrọn doo dị ka okpomọkụ isi iyi gbazee metal ntụ ntụ oyi akwa site oyi akwa na agụụ na gburugburu ebe obibi maka mgbakwunye.

Ụkpụrụ ya na-arụ ọrụ bụ: ntụ ntụ tupu mkpuchi, elu-ike electron beam deflection mgbe na-elekwasị anya na-emepụta ike dị elu na mpaghara obere mpaghara ka iṅomi ntụ ntụ oyi akwa na-emepụta elu okpomọkụ na ọbụna gbazee, site na electron doo na-aga n'ihu ịgụ isiokwu na-emepụta ike n'etiti gbazee ọdọ mmiri fusion na solidification, jikọọ n'ime a linear na planar metal oyi akwa.

Mgbe ịmechara oyi akwa dị ugbu a, megharịa ọrụ ntinye ntụ ntụ iji mepụta. N'ime usoro mmepụta, EBM na-anabata ezi ikuku ikuku na-agbaze gburugburu iji hụ na ike dị elu nke ihe ahụ na-ezere oxidation nke alloy. E jiri ya tụnyere SLM, isi uru nke EBM bụ: ọgbọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma nke ike ọkụ eletrik na-eri obere ike, ọsọ mmepụta dị elu, nke mere na ike zuru oke nke igwe dum dị elu; Ntugharị nke ọkụ eletrik adịghị mkpa ịkwaga akụkụ akụrụngwa, nke na-eme ka ọsọ nyocha ahụ dịkwuo mma. The ezigbo thermal gburugburu ebe obibi ana achi achi nkwụsi ike udi nke 3D e biri ebi akụkụ, ana achi achi static n'ibu Njirimara, izute ndu chọrọ, na metal ntụ ntụ nwekwara ike megharịa.

Ọkwa na ọganihu nke 3D e biri ebi implants ịwa ahụ

Ntinye ịwa ahụ na orthotics nwere mbipụta 3D nwere atụmanya ngwa na-ekwe nkwa na ngalaba nke osteology. Ugbu a, e nwere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọIhe nkwụnye 3D e biri ebidị ka AIDS ịnụ ntị, akụkụ ahụ prosthetic, ntuziaka ịwa ahụ orthopedic ahaziri ahazi, nkwonkwo arụrụ arụ, ntị elu arụrụ arụ, ntinye eze ahaziri onwe ya na ngwa ndị ọzọ na ọgwụgwọ ahaziri onwe ya. Dị ka akụkọ si kwuo, na 2014, ndị na-eme nchọpụta na Mahadum Peking na-akụnye nwa nwoke dị afọ 12 nke nwere ihe ọkpụkpụ 3D ahaziri onwe ya na obere oghere, bụ nke mbụ n'ụwa. N'otu afọ ahụ, ndị dọkịta na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwadoro otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 5 na Scotland na nkwụ prosthetic 3D e biri ebi.

Ụlọ Ọrụ Ọpụrụiche Stomatology nke ụlọ ọgwụ 411th nke ndị agha nnwere onwe jiri teknụzụ EBM mee nke ọma na ịkụnye mandibular titanium alloy implant nwere ịme anwansị ahaziri nke ọma maka onye ọrịa hemimaxillary resection. N'oge a na-arụ ọrụ, a na-emezigharị mandible na-arịa ọrịa na nrụzi arụ ọrụ nke onwe ya n'otu oge, na-arụzi ma rụzigharịa mandible na-adịghị mma. Mmetụta mgbe arụchara ọrụ gasịrị bụ afọ ojuju. Lethaus B na ndị ọzọ na-eme nchọpụta na-eji teknụzụ obibi akwụkwọ 3D iji wughachi ọkpụkpụ na microvascular flaps na ndị ọrịa 20 nwere mandibular resection, nke mere ka oge ọrụ dị mkpirikpi ma mee ka ọrụ ahụ dịkwuo mma, na mmetụta postoperative dị mma. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, akụkọ na nyocha ndị yiri ya apụtawo na iyi na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, nke na-egosipụta n'ụzọ zuru ezu atụmanya ngwa dị mma nke mbipụta 3D na ngalaba ahụike.

N'akụkụ ngwaahịa orthopedic, ihe ntinye ịwa ahụ 3D ebipụtara na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-aga n'ahịa na ịzụ ahịa. N'afọ 2007, iko acetabulum ebipụta 3D bioprinted nwere scaffolders anụ ahụ siri ike mepụtara nke ụlọ ọrụ Italy Adler Ortho na LIma-LTO gafere asambodo CE. FDA kwadoro ngwaahịa Exactech na 2010. N'afọ 2009, ngwaọrụ niile-titanium body fusion nke ụlọ ọrụ America AMT mepụtara site na iji mbipụta 3D gafekwara asambodo EU CE. N'afọ 2013, FDA kwadoro ngwaahịa okpokoro isi nke izizi bioprinted na United States, bụkwa nke izizi 3D ahaziri ahazi n'ụwa nke PEEK skull implant.

Na ndabere a, na 2014, United States Oxford Company natara FDA nkwado maka 3D obibi maxillofacial ọkpụkpụ ngwaahịa (5IOK mode). Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-akọ na na September 2015, na 3D e biri ebi mmadụ ịkụbanye - artificial hip nkwonkwo mepụtara nke atọ Hospital nke Beijing Medicine na Beijing Aikang Yicheng Medical Equipment Co., LTD., Edebanyela aha site na State nri na ọgwụ nchịkwa. Njikọ hip e biri ebi 3D abanyela na "ogbo mmepụta oke", nke pụtara na ihe ntinye akwụkwọ 3D nke China abanyela na ọkwa mmepụta.

Nkà na ụzụ obibi akwụkwọ 3D egosila ọrụ dị mkpa na-amụbawanye na sayensị ọgwụ na nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ, na nyocha na ntinye nke ụdị prostheses dị iche iche ahaziri onwe ha, akụkụ prosthetic, ihe nkwụnye eze na akụkụ ndị ọzọ na-abawanye ụba. Yabụ, nlebanya biosafety nke ihe etinyere nke usoro ọhụrụ a kwadebere chọrọ nlebara anya karịa.

Nnyocha na biosafety nke titanium ebipụta 3D

Nchekwa nke ihe ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụ nje na-apụtakarị na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti anụ ahụ na ihe. Iji mee ka ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụkpụrụ nke ngwaọrụ ndị a na-etinye, ọ ga-achọrịrị na mmeghachi omume sitere na ntinye n'ime ahụ mmadụ dị n'ogo a na-anabata, ma n'otu oge ahụ, ọ nweghị ike ime mgbanwe dị mma na nhazi na ihe onwunwe nke ihe. Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ahụ mmadụ na ahụ mmadụ na-apụtakarị n'ịrụ ọrụ bioocompatibility ya na ndu ya.

Ya mere, mgbe etinyere ya n'ime ahụ mmadụ, ihe nkwụnye ahụ ekwesịghị ịkpata mmeghachi omume ọjọọ dị ka ihe nfụkasị ahụ, mbufụt na kemịkalụ n'ime sel mmadụ, ọbara na akụkụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ ịjụ anụ ndị mba ọzọ. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-achọkwa na ihe ndị dị mkpa ka a na-etinye ogologo oge ga-enwe ezigbo ihe eji arụ ọrụ static, ya bụ, ike zuru oke, mgbanwe mgbanwe kwesịrị ekwesị, nkwụsi ike dị elu, ezigbo nkwụsị nke corrosion na ogologo oge. Ugbu a ịwa ahụ nke titanium alloy ka a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọgwụ, na nchọpụta biocompatibility na-etolitekwa. Ya mere, nchekwa nke akụkụ titanium alloy metụtara mbipụta 3D na-elekwasị anya na nchekwa nke ọrụ biomechanical ya.

The nnyocha na ma 3D e biri ebi metal implant bụ tụnyere izugbe implant ngwaahịa nke omenala usoro na okwu nke n'ibu Njirimara, corrosion eguzogide na biocompatibility, na ma ụfọdụ n'ime static n'ibu Njirimara nke alloy implant nwere ike izute ụlọ ọgwụ ngwa na mba ụkpụrụ ka na-aga n'ihu. Achọpụtala ya na ihe nrụnye igwe kwụ ọtọ nke 3D ebipụta titanium nwere ike gboo mkpa ụlọ ọgwụ. A nwalere ihe nlele Ti6A14V nke usoro EBM akwadoro site na nnwale tensile ozugbo yana nnwale ịpị ọkụ isostatic. Nsonaazụ gosiri na ike nke TI6A14V samples gafere ọkọlọtọ forging.

Nguzogide corrosion nke Co-Cr-Mo alloy nke teknụzụ SLM akwadoro yiri nke alloy nke a kwadebere site na usoro ọdịnala, na ọnụọgụ ion na-agbaze na gburugburu salivary simulated bụ obere mbipụta 3D karịa nke usoro ọdịnala. Achọpụtara ngwaahịa Ti6A14V nke teknụzụ DMLS kwadebere site na ụlọ ọrụ EOS ka ọ nwee otu ihe eji arụ ọrụ kwụ ọtọ na ike ọgwụgwụ ike ọgwụgwụ dị ka ịgbapụta ọdịnala site na nhazi ezi uche dị na ya. Akụnyere ngwaọrụ fusion titanium alloy vertebrae porous nke EBM kwadebere n'ime ahụ ewu wee nweta nsonaazụ dị mma na ụdị ngwakọta cervical nke atụrụ. Ihe nleba anya nke ọkpụkpụ dị mma karịa ngwaọrụ fusion PEEK.

N'ụlọ ọgwụ, modul na-agbanwe agbanwe na ihe ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ nke titanium alloy adabaghị na njirimara nke ọkpụkpụ mmadụ, nke ga-eduga na ihe omume nke "nchekwa nrụgide" na anụ ahụ dị n'akụkụ ọkpụkpụ nke ihe a na-etinye ma na-akpata osteoporosis, na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ, nkwụsị na nkwụsị nke ntinye na ọdịda. Iji belata nsogbu a na ntinye nke titanium, ihe nrụnye nke porous abanyela n'anya ndị nchọpụta. Ugbu a, ọmụmụ egosila na mbipụta 3D nwere ike ịhazigharị microstructure nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na nkenke dị elu iji gbanwee modul na-agbanwe ha na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, ka ha kwekọọ na ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ mmadụ ma na-emewanyewanye ọrụ biomechanical na ndabere nke ịhụ na ibu physiological kwesịrị ekwesị.

EBM na-emepụta teknụzụ a na-achịkwa nke Ti6AI4V ahụ a na-achịkwa, achọpụtara na ihe owuwu dị n'ime ya dabara na nhazi usoro n'okpuru nyocha microscopy eletrọn, nke nwetara njikwa ziri ezi nke EBM na nhazi nke ngwaahịa 3D ebipụtara. Site na ule arụmọrụ igwe, ike mkpakọ kwekọrọ bụ 163MPa na modulus na-agbanwe bụ 14MPa na 60.1% pore porosity, nke dị nso na ọkpụkpụ mmadụ. Omenala cell in vitro gosikwara ezigbo ndakọrịta cell.

Ejiri teknụzụ EBM kwadebere oghere ndị ahụ nwere oghere site na njikarịcha nke usoro nhazi, na nyochara akụrụngwa ha. Achọpụtara na biomechanics nke ihe ndị nwere porous a haziri nwere ọkwa dị elu na ịme anwansị nke ndakọrịta oge na ntinye ntinye. Ụdị titanium porous atọ nwere 300gm, 600gm na 900~tm nke SLM kwadebere ka etinyere n'ime tibia oke bekee iji nyochaa mmetụta pore ruru na uto ọkpụkpụ. Nsonaazụ gosiri na anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ nwere 600 ~ m porous Ọdịdị nwere ogologo ka mma na biocompatibility.

Site n'echiche nke uto ọkpụkpụ, a scaffold na mgbanwe porosity na aperture ga-abụ ihe na-eme ka nnyefe na nnyefe nke nri n'ime ahụ mmadụ, na nwekwara ike na-akwalite ikike nke ọkpụkpụ ibu, dịkwuo Nchikota nke implants na ọkpụkpụ akwa, na ịgbatị ndụ ọrụ nke prosthesis, n'ihi ya iji nweta mma ọgwụ mmetụta karịa siri ike Ọdịdị titanium alloy. Na-adịbeghị anya, multi-hole titanium alloy nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ na-ewere na-kacha mma clinical ọhụrụ ike anụ ahụ mmezi na nnọchi ihe, na ngwa nke 3D biri ebi titanium alloy implants na dị iche iche microscopic owuwu ma ọ bụ site na owuwu nwekwara meghere ọhụrụ ubi.