3D kudhinda kunoshanda sei?

Imwe nzira yekuwedzera yekugadzira ndeye 3D kudhinda. Iyo "inowedzera" pakuti inongorongedza uye yakasanganiswa zvidimbu zvezvinhu kugadzira zvinhu chaizvo pane kuda bhuroka rezvinhu kana mold. Inogona kuvaka majeometri akaomesesa pane "akajairika" matekinoroji, anowanzo kukurumidza, ane mutengo wakachipa wakagadziriswa wekuseta, uye unoshanda nehuwandu hunoramba huchikura hwezvinhu. Chikamu cheinjiniya chinoshandisa zvakanyanya, kunyanya kana prototyping uye kugadzira huremu hwejeometri.

Kuwedzera kugadzira uye 3D kudhinda

Izwi rekuti "3D kudhinda" rinowanzo kubatanidzwa kune vanogadzira tsika, vanodzidzira uye vanofarira, maprinta epadesktop, nzira dzekudhinda dzinowanikwa seFDM, uye zvinhu zvisingadhure zvakaita seABS nePLA. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nemaprinta edesktop anodhura akabuda muboka reRepRap, seyekutanga MakerBot uye Ultimaker, izvo zvakabatsira mudemocratization ye3D kudhinda uye 2009 3D kudhinda boom.

3D Printing Technology: Ramangwana reInnovative Manufacturing

3Dkudhindanhoroondo

3D kudhinda pfungwa zvigadzirwa zvakatanga muma1970s. Muna 1981, musayendisiti wechiJapan Dr. Kodama, uyo akanga ari wekutanga kutsanangura nzira yekugadzira kudhinda-ne-layer, akaedza kudhinda kwe 3D, uye pachake akagadzira SLA (stereolithography) 3D kudhinda teknolojia-photosensitive resin polymerized ne ultraviolet chiedza.

Makore mashomanana gare gare, musayendisiti weAmerica Charles Hull akaitawo tsvakurudzo yakadzama pamusoro pekombiyuta yeSLA, uye akatumira patent yekutanga yeSLA muna 1986. Yakavambwa 3D Systems uye yakabudisa chigadzirwa chavo chekutanga chekutengesa, SLA-1, muna 1988. (mufananidzo uri pasi apa)

SLA inogona kunzi ndiyo yekutanga kugadzirwa tekinoroji yekudhinda 3D, saka SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) uye FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) yakaita riini gare gare.

Muna 1988, American Carl Deckard patented SLS tekinoroji paYunivhesiti yeTexas, inova imwe 3D nzira yekudhinda umo laser munharaunda inosanganisa zvidimbu zvehupfu pamwechete kuti zvidhindwe. Mugore rimwe chetero, Scott Crump, mumwe wevakatanga Stratasys, akanyorera patent ye fused deposition modeling (FDM). Kubva 1980 kusvika 1990, iwo matatu makuru matekinoroji e3D kudhinda ese aive patented, zvichiratidza kutanga kwenguva yekukurumidza kusimudzira muindasitiri iyi. .

MuEurope, EOS GmbH yakagadzira dhizaini yedhizaini ye3D kudhinda: iyo Stereos "system. Nhasi, mamodheru ayo akadhindwa e3D muchikamu cheindasitiri anoshandiswa pasi rese kune SLS 3D kudhinda tekinoroji (Selective Laser Sintering) yemapurasitiki nesimbi zvinozivikanwa mukati.

Muna 1992, FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D tekinoroji patent yakabvumidzwa neStratasys, iyo yakagadzira 3D maprinta kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvenyanzvi dzakawanda uye vanhu.

Kubva 1993 kusvika 1999, matekinoroji akasiyana akabuda muindasitiri yekudhinda ye3D. Panguva imwecheteyo, yakawanda uye yakawanda itsva yeCAD software, uye 3D modeling software yakagadzirwa, semuenzaniso, Sanders Prototype (yava kunzi Solidscape) iyo yaiva imwe yevatori vechikamu vekutanga vakagadzirwa.

3D kudhinda akawanda-mumunda application

Muna 2008, yekutanga 3D-yakadhindwa prosthetic yakabuda, iyo yakawedzera kuwedzera chikamu che 3D kudhinda munhau. Vanhu vakaona kuti kudhinda kwe 3D hakungo pirinda zvidimbu zvechinyakare chete asiwo kuiswa pakugadzirisa muviri wemunhu. Iyi inoshamisa yekurapa 3D yekudhinda chirongwa inosanganisa ese zvikamu zvebhaibheri nhengo uye inogona kudhindwa "sezvairi" pasina imwe inotevera gungano. Nhasi, zvakasanganiswa ne 3D scanning, 3D akadhindwa ekurapa maprostheses, uye orthotics ari kudhura uye nekukurumidza kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevarwere. Uyezve, maprostheses aya ari kuwedzera kugadziridzwa uye kuchinjirwa kune morphology yemurwere. Kudhinda kwe3D kunounza mikana mitsva yekusarudzika kwevanhu vakawanda. (wedzera mufananidzo)

2009 raive gore iro maFDM patents akapinda mumunda wekushandisa vanhu vakawanda, izvo zvakavhura nzira nyowani yekuwedzera hunyanzvi hweFDM 3D printer. Sezvo mutengo wemaprinta edesktop 3D wakadzikira, vanhu vazhinji vakakwanisa kutarisisa kukudziridzwa kweindasitiri yekudhinda ye3D.

Muna 2013, Mutungamiri weAmerica, Barack Obama, akataura kudhinda kwe3D mukero yeNyika yeMubatanidzwa senzira huru yekugadzira remangwana, zvichiita kuti "3D kudhinda" ive buzzword yakazara. Zvino, nzvimbo yaro mupfungwa dzevanhu yakakurumbira zvikuru. Makambani madiki uye epakati nepakati ari kutora mukana weiyo yakaderera-mutengo prototyping inopihwa ne 3D kudhinda, vachiibatanidza zvizere mune yavo iteration, innovation uye maitiro ekugadzira.

3D yekudhinda pfungwa mota

Nekuda kwezvikumbiro zvekuvaka, dzimba dzakadhindwa dze 3D dzave chinhu chaicho. Vanhu vakatamira mudzimba dzakadhindwa dze 3D kekutanga muna 2018. Imba ine nzvimbo ye 1022 square feet, iyo inonyanya kurarama. Zvakatora mazuva maviri akakwana kudhinda.

Iyo classification system ye3D kudhinda pane kufanana uye mutsauko pakati pekugadzira uye 3D kudhinda

Tora bhora rakavharwa semuenzaniso. Pane maruva anopfuura gumi nemaviri pamusoro. Kana ikagadziriswa nemaitiro echinyakare, zvichange zvichinetsa, uye mapatani anofanira kugadziridzwa rimwe nerimwe. Uye kana ukasarudza 3D kudhinda, hapana kutambisa zvinhu, saka inewo zita rinonzi additive kugadzira, izvo zvinoreva kuti nzira yekuunganidza zvishoma nezvishoma zvinhu inoshandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvemuviri. Nzira yechinyakare ndeyekugadzira embryo kutanga, wozobvisa zvinhu zvakawandisa, uye iyo yakasara ndiyo chimiro chinodiwa. Kana dambudziko rikaonekwa, zvinodikanwa kuvhura mold uye kuigadzirisa; nepo 3D kudhinda kunoshandisa zvishoma nezvishoma kuunganidza zvinhu, unogona kukurumidza kuona chigadzirwa chapera.

3D kudhinda tekinoroji kuita

3D kudhinda tekinoroji inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. Izvo 3D kudhinda inoda kushandisa hachisi chinhu chemuviri, asi iyo yedhijitari modhi. Kana iwe uchida kudhinda chinhu chaicho chiri pamberi pako ne 3D, saka unofanira kushandisa komputa kuchitevedzera, kana kushandisa 3D scanner kudhijita chinhu chaicho, kureva, 3D modhi, uye unogona kudhinda zvinhu mukati memaminitsi mashoma gumi nemashanu. Parizvino, tekinoroji yekudhinda ye3D yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina zvikuru: FDM, DLP/SLA, uye SLS.

SLS-- laser sintering molding process

SLS ihupfu hwepamusoro-soro hunonyunguduka pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwelaser irradiation. Paridza chidimbu chehupfu hwakatetepa pabhenji rebasa, uye tarisa chikamu chemuchinjiko weiyo nelaser beam kusimudza tembiricha kusvika pakunyungudika, kuitira kuti uone kunyunguduka uye kubatana, dzokorora kupararira kwehupfu, kunyura, kukuya, uye kuomesa kusvikira modhi yagadzirwa. Muchokwadi, 3D kudhinda ndeye 2D kudhinda kakawanda. Kana ukacheka chinhu chakatetepa kwazvo, unoona kuti chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chine chimiro. Kana iwe ukaisa maumbirwo ese pamwechete, unowana matatu-dimensional chimiro chechinhu. Saka isu tinoshandisa lasers kudhirowa magirafu. Kupokana kwezvikamu zvakaumbwa zveSLS kune zvakatipoteredza (tembiricha, humidity, uye kemikari corrosion) yakafanana neye thermoplastic zvinhu; nepo kushorwa kwezvikamu zvakaumbwa zveSLA kuri kushomeka, semuenzaniso, SLA workpieces yakaumbwa ne epoxy resin inobatwa nehunyoro nemakemikari. Corrosion, inopfava uye kuchinjika munzvimbo iri pamusoro pe38 ° C, asi kuumbwa kwayo kwakakwira.

SLA --sterreolithography molding process

SLA tekinoroji yekurapa-mwenje, iyo yakagadziridzwa muChina parizvino. "Stereolithography" ndipo apo laser beam inotsanangura chimiro chekutanga chechinhu chiri pamusoro pemvura resin, uye ipapo chikuva chekugadzira chinodzikiswa neimwe chinhambwe (pakati pe 0.05-0.025mm), uye ipapo iyo yakaomeswa layer inonyudzwa mumvura resin, zvichingodaro. Iyo resin inoshandiswa ndeye photosensitive resin, iyo inoumba yakasimba mamiriro mushure mekuvhenekerwa nelaser beam, uye iyo yekugadzira modhi inokurumidza uye chaiyo.

DLP-- stereolithography molding process

DLP dhijitari mwenje kugadzirisa, inozivikanwa selaser kuumba tekinoroji. DLP 3D tekinoroji yekudhinda ine zvakawanda zvakafanana neSLA 3D tekinoroji yekudhinda. Kana kugadzirwa kwakafananidzwa nekudhirowa denderedzwa nepenzura, saka tekinoroji yeSLA yakaenzana nekudhirowa dhizaini, nepo DLP yakaenzana nekutsikisa zvakananga. Kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwatiri kutsvaga kune maviri akakosha mapoinzi, imwe ndeyekuita, uye imwe yacho mutengo wezvinhu. Pane 3D printer inokwanisa kudhinda mazana enguva nekukurumidza kupfuura kugadzira kwechinyakare, ndiko kuti, tekinoroji yakatarisana, yakagadziridzwa nekambani muShenzhen, Light Prism Technology. Zvinotora maawa maviri-5 kudhinda bhora risina mhango netsika FDM 3D kudhinda, uye zvinotora awa imwe nekukurumidza, asi zvinongotora anenge maminetsi gumi kudhinda nehunyanzvi hwazvino hwekutarisana kumeso. Kudhinda kumhanyisa kunoshamisa. Kana iyi 3D kudhinda pamusika, Iko kukanganisa kwechinyakare mhizha ichiri yakakura.

FDM --Fused Deposition Molding process

Kuenzaniswa neDLP uye SLS tekinoroji, FDM tekinoroji iri nyore, saka ine vateereri vakawanda uye iri nyore kupinda mumhuri. Iyo prototype inovakwa zvakananga kubva ku3D CAD data nekushandisa iyo thermoplastic zvinhu kuti iwedzererwe kuita semi-yakanyungudutswa filament, iyo inoiswa pane layer-ne-layer hwaro. Zvakanakira zveFDM tekinoroji yakapusa mechini chimiro, dhizaini iri nyore, mutengo wakaderera wekugadzira, mutengo wekugadzirisa uye mutengo wezvinhu, uye hapana kusvibisa nharaunda. Naizvozvo, FDM ndiyo zvakare inonyanya kushandiswa tekinoroji mudzimba desktop 3D maprinta. Iyo inzira yechinyakare yekudhinda, iyo isingashandisi laser uye ine mutengo wakaderera, asi iko kurongeka hakuna kukwirira uye kumhanya kwekudhinda kunononoka. Iyi ndiyo nzira inowanikwa kune wese munhu, uye inowanzo shandiswa mumusika wedzidzo.

Mhedzisiro ye3D Kudhinda paKugadzira uye Chinyakare hunyanzvi

Zvakanakira 3D kudhinda

(1) Kugadzirisa

Kutora mazino semuenzaniso, mazino emunhu wese akasiyana, asi 3D kudhinda kunogona kugadzirisa kupokana pakati peyakagadzirirwa kugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kwakawanda, uye misa inogadzira ma implants, mabrace, nezvimwe.

(2) muenzaniso chaiwo-nguva

Nekuda kwekukurumidza kumhanya kwe3D kudhinda, mugadziri anogadzira vhezheni yechigadzirwa mangwanani, uye mutungamiri anogona kuona chigadzirwa chakapedzwa masikati, uye obva agadzira imwe vhezheni na6 pm, uye anogona kuona chigadzirwa chakapedzwa mangwanani anotevera, ayo anokurumidza kukurumidza kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvitsva nekukurumidza. Kana iyo isiri yakanyanya kuomarara, 3D kudhinda kunogona kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa mumaawa matatu, nepo tsika dzechinyakare dzinotora 4-6 mavhiki nguva yega yega, saka iyo yese kumhanya kwekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kunovandudzwa zvakare.

(3) Hapana kusvibiswa

 Sezvo zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa zvese zvine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, iyo yese yekugadzira maitiro ndeyekusvibisa-isina kugadzirwa. Iko hakuna kusvibiswa kwemarara gasi uye tsvina yemvura, uye hapana kutambisa zvinhu zvakasara.

(4) Dataization

Kana dentistry yedhijitari yakura, zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvevanachiremba zvichadzikiswa zvakanyanya. Varwere vanongoda kushandisa chiridzwa chekutarisa kwemaminitsi maviri muchipatara, uye vanogona kuziva zvikonzero uye mhinduro dzematambudziko ese emazino.

Uye zvakare, 3D kudhinda kunogona zvakare kushandiswa kune orthodontics, kudhinda munhu uye akagadziridzwa akajeka mabhureki. Panguva yekuvhiyiwa kwepurasitiki, mazino anofanira kutamira kuruboshwe kana mberi? Mamimita mangani ekufamba? Kare, kuvhiyiwa mazino aivimba chete chiremba pachake ruzivo, asi digitaalinen dentistry akawedzera kugadzikana oparesheni uye akadzikisa unyanzvi pachikumbaridzo vanachiremba.

(5) Kutsanya

 Kuenzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare maindasitiri, 3D kudhinda hakudi gadziriro dzekutanga senge manpower uye chekufambisa. Inongoda michina uye zvigadzirwa, uye inogona kuiswa mukugadzirwa nekukurumidza.

(6) Automation

 Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti pane imwe chete 3D printer pakati pefungidziro chaiyo uye chinhu chaicho. Iyo-kiyi yekugadzirwa kwe3D kudhinda inochengetedza yakawanda yevashandi mari uye kukanganisa kwevanhu.