ʻElima mau ʻoihana nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā huahana keramika

ʻOihana no nā kaʻa uila

 

Ua hana ʻo Kina a kūʻai aku ʻo 6.253 miliona a me 6.067 miliona mau kaʻa ikehu hou, ma waena o Ianuali a me Nowemapa, ma kahi o 100% makahiki ma luna o ka makahiki, me ka māhele mākeke 25%, e like me nā helu hou loa mai ka Hui Kina o nā Manufacturers Automobile. Me ka ulu ʻana o ka hana a me ke kūʻai aku i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mākeke i kēlā manawa, ua ʻoi aku ke komo ʻana o ka kaʻa kaʻa hou ma mua o 36% a ke hoʻomau nei ka piʻi. Ke ulu mau nei ka ʻenehana kaʻa uila, ka mea i wikiwiki i ka hoʻololi ʻana i kāna mau mea hoʻolālā a me nā mea. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa uila ikehu hou ua hoʻopili piha i nā mea seramika kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kā lākou mau pono hana kūʻokoʻa.

I waena o lākou, ʻo ka HIP silicon nitride bearing balls a me ka thermal conductivity silicon nitride substrates e laha nei.

 

 

01 Nā Poʻe HIP no nā Bearings Nitride Silicon

Ke koi aku nei nā huila kaʻa no nā kaʻa ikehu hou i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea pale lole ma muli o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka huli ʻana ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā bearings maʻamau. I loko o nā bearings ceramic silicon nitride, hoʻemi nā pōpō i ka wela a me ka friction i loko o ka ʻōnaehana bearing. ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, ʻo ka silicon nitride kahi insulator uila e hiki ai ke pale i ka ʻino uila mai ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o nā lubricants a me nā bearings, a ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hala ʻole. He kūpono ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole, me nā kaʻa uila.

 

Ke hoʻololi nei nā bearings seramika i nā bearings pōpō kila i ka makahiki o nā kaʻa uila. Hoʻohana ʻia nā bearings pōpō seramika silikon nitride i loko o Xiaopeng P7, G9, Weilai ET7, a me nā kumu hoʻohālike ʻē aʻe. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ka ʻea hoʻopuka o ke kaʻa e Tesla i nā bearings ceramic, nā bearings ceramic hybrid i hoʻolālā ʻia e NSK, a me nā pōpō lawe ʻia i 50 mau pōpō nitride silicon.

ʻO ke kaomi isostatic wela (HIP) a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kinoea (GPS) ʻelua mau ʻenehana hoʻomākaukau kaulana loa no ka silicon nitride ceramic ball sintering. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻano ʻelua i nā pōpō seramika i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā hoʻonohonoho he nui. Hāʻawi ʻo HIP silicon nitride i nā ʻano mīkini maikaʻi a me ke ola luhi lōʻihi ma mua o ka GPS silicon nitride.

I kēia manawa, ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻoihana haole kaulana i ka mālama ʻana i ka māhele mākeke honua a me ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei nā hui ʻo Iapana, ʻEulopa, a me ʻAmelika i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana ceramic kiʻekiʻe. Ua ʻike ʻo 2015 i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o National Materials High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd. i koʻu lāhui.

Ua holomua nui ʻo ia i ka ʻenehana no ka hana nui ʻana i nā pōpō silicon nitride ceramic wela isostatically pressed, e lilo ia i hui mua ma Kina e hoʻokumu i ka hana nui o kēia mau mea a ʻo ke kolu o ka hui holoʻokoʻa, ma hope o Toshiba ma Iapana a me Kustec ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO SKF ma Suedena, Timken ma US, GMN ma Kelemānia, a me Forsa ma Sepania kekahi o nā ʻāina i hoʻouna ʻia ai kāna huahana. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana like e Sinoceramic Jinsheng a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hana i nā pōpō kalaiwa silicon nitride me ka ikaika 1000 MPa kulou.

 

 

02 Kiʻekiʻe thermal conductivity silika nitride ceramic substrate

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā substrate seramika silicone nitride i nā ʻāpana mana, nā mea semiconductor a me nā mea hoʻohuli o nā kaʻa uila maʻemaʻe (EV) a me nā kaʻa uila hybrid (HEV), a loaʻa iā lākou ka mākeke nui a me nā manaʻo noi.

I kēia manawa, koi ʻia ka ikaika kulou o 650 MPa, ʻo ka paʻakikī o ka haʻihaʻi o 5-7 MPa·m1/2, a me ka conductivity thermal o 85 W / (m·K) no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe thermal conductivity silicon nitride ceramic substrate material. ʻO ka Toshiba Group, Hitachi Metals, Nippon Electric Chemical, Maruwa, a me Nippon Fine Ceramics nā hui mua i loaʻa ka hiki ke hana nui i nā substrates silicon nitride ceramic me ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe.

 

Hoʻohui ʻia, aia kekahi holomua i ka noiʻi kūloko e pili ana i ka silicon nitride ceramic substrate material. Ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke ʻano o ka sintering a me ke kaʻina hana, ua hoʻomākaukau maikaʻi ʻo Beijing Sinoma Artificial Crystal Research Institute Co., Ltd. i kahi silicon nitride ceramic substrate me ka ikaika kulou o 700-800MPa, kahi ʻoi o ka haʻihaʻi o ≥8MPa·m1/2, a me kahi conductivity thermal o ≥80W/(m·K). ʻO ka silicon nitride ceramic substrate i hana ʻia e ka lālā Beijing o Sinoma High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd. me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hoʻolei lipine he 100 W/(m·K).

 

Ke neʻe nei nā kaʻa uila a kokoke i ka naʻauao ma muli o ka ulu nui ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka naʻauao artificial (AI). Ua hōʻike pū aku nā mea hana kaʻa i ka hoihoi i nā ʻano mea seramika, me nā mea hoʻopili lidar, nā kalapona ceramic carbon, MLCC kiʻekiʻe, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wela ceramic, etc.

 

Ka hana ʻana i nā semiconductor

ʻO ke kānāwai ʻenehana o "hoʻokahi hanauna o ka ʻenehana, hoʻokahi hanauna o ke kaʻina hana, hoʻokahi hanauna o nā lako" e hoʻomalu i ka ʻoihana semiconductor, a ʻo ka holomua ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻāpana kikoʻī he mea koʻikoʻi ia i ka hana hou a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā lako semiconductor. ʻO nā ʻāpana ceramic precision ka mea ʻike nui loa no nā ʻāpana kiko semiconductor i waena o lākou. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā kaʻina hana semiconductor koʻikoʻi, e pili ana i ka etching, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, a me ka implantation ion. e like me nā lima lima lima, electrostatic chucks, liners, alakaʻi ala, a me nā bearings, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokō ia i nā kuleana o ka stabilization, pale, a me ka hoʻonāukiuki, ʻoi loa i loko o ka lua o nā mea hana.

 

Hana ʻia nā semiconductor ʻO ka ʻoihana semiconductor e hoʻomalu ʻia e ke kānāwai ʻenehana o "hoʻokahi hanauna o ka ʻenehana, hoʻokahi hanauna o ke kaʻina hana, hoʻokahi hanauna o nā lako," a ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻāpana kikoʻī he mea nui ia i ka hana hou a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mīkini semiconductor. ʻO nā mea āpau i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻāpana semiconductor precision, ʻo nā ʻāpana ceramic precision ka mea ʻoi loa. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka etching, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, a ion implantation, ma waena o nā kaʻina hana semiconductor koʻikoʻi. e like me nā bearings, liners, alakaʻi alakaʻi, electrostatic chucks, a me nā lima lima lima lima, e inoa i kekahi. Hoʻohana ia ma ke ʻano he diversion, pale, a me ka stabilization, ʻoi aku hoʻi i loko o ka lua mea hana.

 

 

ʻoihana mālama ikehu a mālama kaiapuni

Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o ke kulekele ʻāina "ʻelua kalapona", ke ulu mālie nei nā ʻoihana a pau i ke ala o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, ka hoʻemi kalapona, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka pollution, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻana. Ma lalo o kēia ʻano, ke kū nei ka ʻoihana seramika i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā koi o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, akā lawe pū kekahi i nā manawa hoʻomohala hou i nā mea seramika.

 

 

01 ʻO ka membrane seramika

I mea e hoʻololi ai i ka ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale kānana maʻamau, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale membrane me ka membrane seramika ma kona ʻano nui e like me ke kaʻina hoʻokaʻawale kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻoihana kaʻina hana a me nā kahua mālama wai kūikawā no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ka noʻonoʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka wehe ʻana i ka haumia.

ʻO ka membrane pāpaʻa seramika

Ma waena o lākou, hiki ke kānana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā wai i loko o nā hoʻonohonoho paʻakikī me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā membrane flat ceramic kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela a me ke kūpaʻa paʻa, ke kūpaʻa kemika ikaika, ka maikaʻi kānana kiʻekiʻe, ka hilinaʻi maikaʻi, ka haʻahaʻa o ka hana a me ka mālama mālama, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ke ola lawelawe, a me ke aloha kaiapuni i loko o ke ola holoʻokoʻa kekahi o kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona. Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia a hoʻolaha ʻia ma nā wahi o ka wai hoʻoneʻe kūlanakauhale, ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻala, ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka wai, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino. ʻO ia ke alakaʻi hoʻomohala mua ma ke kahua o nā membrane hoʻokaʻawale keramika kiʻekiʻe o ka honua a loaʻa iā ia kahi ākea ākea o ka mākeke.

Me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, ʻo ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka haumia ea ma koʻu lāhui. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻōnaehana honua-metal oxide nano-denitrification catalyst ma ka ceramic fiber composite membrane material e like me ke kino kākoʻo e hana i ka membrane fiber wela kiʻekiʻe no ka denitrification a me ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo, kahi kānana me ka denitrification i hoʻohui ʻia a me nā hana wehe lepo e hiki ke hoʻokō pololei i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kinoea ma lalo o nā kūlana wela.

 

 

02 Airgel

ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka aerogel, kahi mea insulating super, ua hana a hiki i kēia manawa i lohe ʻole ʻia no ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻāpana airgel. Manaʻo ʻia ka ʻenehana airgel hou e hoʻohui ʻia me ka ulu ʻana o ka hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hana i nā noi huahana hou e like me ke ʻano o nā ʻoihana ʻōmaʻomaʻo e ulu wikiwiki ana.

 

He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa ʻo Airgel, ultra-kiʻekiʻe porosity, haʻahaʻa refractive index, haʻahaʻa thermal conductivity, haʻahaʻa acoustic impedance a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ʻole i nā mea paʻa maʻamau. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona e loaʻa iā ia nā manaʻo noi maikaʻi loa i nā kahua o ka insulation thermal, biomedicine, insulation leo, adsorption, etc., a nui ka mana o ka mākeke.

 

 

ʻoihana biomedicine

E hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻokomo a me nā ʻāpana hana i nā wahi lapaʻau i ka ulu ʻana o ke kaiāulu a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ola o nā kānaka. I koʻu lāhui, ua hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia nā metala e like me ke kila kila a me ka cobalt no ka hoʻōla ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana ma muli o ko lākou ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mīkini a me nā ʻano mana; akā naʻe, nele ko lākou biocompatibility. No laila, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka mākeke a me ka noiʻi ʻana no nā mea uhi a i ʻole bioceramics i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke olakino.

Ma muli o ko lākou ʻano paʻakikī o ka haʻihaʻi ʻana a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā seramika biomedical e like me Al2O3, ZrO2, ZTA, Si3N4, a me nā mea hana ceramic composite e pili ana i nā prostheses halihali ukana, nā niho implants, iwi pani, a pēlā aku. aniani seramika. Ma waena o kēia mau mea, hoʻohui ka silicon nitride i ka hopena bactericidal a me nā waiwai lubricating ponoʻī, a ʻo kāna implant he paʻa ola paʻa lōʻihi.

I ka makahiki 2022, manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka mākeke honua no nā lāʻau seramika ma kahi o $ 15 biliona USD. I ka makahiki 2022, manaʻo ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ka mākeke lāʻau lapaʻau ma Kina ma kahi o 4.5 biliona kālā US. ʻO lākou, ʻo ka alumina ceramics ka hapa nui (ma kahi o 60%). Hoʻohana ʻia nā seramika silikon nitride no nā implants orthopedic, aʻo nā seramika zirconia i hoʻohana mua ʻia i ka dentistry.

 

 

ʻO ka ʻāpana aerospace

Kūleʻa mau nā Ceramics no kā lākou hana ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano hoʻohana paʻakikī. ʻO ka pūʻali koa a me ka ʻoihana aerospace ʻelua o nā mākeke noi noi maikaʻi loa no nā ceramics kiʻekiʻe. ʻO "ke pale wela kiʻekiʻe" a me ka "stealth" nā laina hoʻomohala seramika mua ʻelua i ka ʻoihana aerospace.

 

ʻO ka hanauna hou o nā ʻenekini mokulele pūʻali koa ke piʻi nui nei ka pono no nā mea kūkulu hale kūʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe e like me ka hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka hiki o nā kristal hoʻokahi, nā pale pale wela, a me ka hoʻoluʻu ea ikaika. Ua puka mai ʻo SiC/SiC-CMC ʻo ia kekahi o nā koho kiʻekiʻe no nā mea hoʻolālā kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻoikaika a paʻakikī ʻo SiC/SiC-CMC i ka hapa nui e ka fiber carbide silicon. ʻO ka mea waiwai nui loa no ka SiC/SiC-CMC ʻo ia ka silicon carbide fiber, nona ka pale wela ma luna o 1200 ° C a ua huki i ka manaʻo o nā mana mokulele i kahi hoʻokūkū noiʻi.

 

 

ʻO ka mea maʻamau i loko o kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe (absorbent) a me kahi mea matrix (i ʻike ʻia i kekahi manawa he binder), ʻo nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kekahi o nā mea huna koʻikoʻi. ʻO Silicon carbide ka mea mua i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea seramika absorbent multi-band; ʻO nā nanoparticles ceramic inorganic a me nā mea polymer inorganic i hui pū ʻia e hana i nā mea stealth infrared ceramic, kahi ʻano uhi. No ka hana ʻana i ka hawewe electromagnetic broadband maikaʻi, hoʻopuehu ʻia nā nanoparticles ceramic inorganic i loko o kahi matrix polymer inorganic a mālama pono ʻia.