ʻO ke alakaʻi piha i ka pauda metala

He aha nā metala pauda?

Wehewehe a me nā kumu

Hana ʻia nā ʻāpana metala (PM) mai kahi pauka metala maikaʻi loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hoʻokō i kona ʻano hope. He ʻokoʻa loa kēia mai nā ʻāpana hoʻolei, e hoʻomaka ana i ko lākou ola ma ke ʻano he metala liquefied, a i ʻole mai nā ʻāpana mīkini a i hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha, e hoʻomaka ana ma ke ʻano he metala waiwai. ʻO ke kaʻina hana metala pauka e hiki ai ke hana i nā ʻāpana me ka geometry paʻakikī. ʻOiai hiki ke hana ʻia ia mau ʻāpana ma o ka hoʻolei ʻana a i ʻole ka mīkini, piʻi nui nā kumukūʻai hana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka paʻakikī. ʻO nā ʻāpana PM, akā naʻe, e hoʻomau i ke kumu kūʻai me nā geometries paʻakikī a hiki ke hana i nā ʻāpana hiki ʻole ke hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe.

Upena a i ʻole Near Net Manufacturing

ʻO kekahi pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi o ka metala pauka, ʻo ia ka ʻupena a i ʻole ka ʻupena kokoke i ka hana ʻana e hopena i ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea ʻōpala. Ma mua o ka unuhi ʻana i ka geometry a me nā mea hana e hana i kahi ʻāpana, ʻaʻole hoʻopau ʻo PM i kekahi metala, e lilo ia i mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ke kaiapuni. No ka mea pili pili loa ʻo PM me ka hana ʻana i ke kamepiula, hiki ke hana ʻia nā ʻāpana e hoʻopaʻa pono i ke kaumaha, ikaika, ʻoʻoleʻa, a me ka paʻakikī. He mea nui kēia no nā noi i nā ʻoihana e like me ka aerospace, kahi e hoʻemi ʻia ke kaumaha.

Ke Kaʻina Hana Metala Pauda

Hana Pahu

Hana ʻia nā ʻāpana PM maʻamau i ʻekolu mau ʻanuʻu: ka hui ʻana o ka pauka metala (pulverization), die compaction, a me ka sintering o ka huahana. Pono paha nā ʻanuʻu lapaʻau wela hou ma hope o ka sintering e hoʻokō i ka mānoanoa kūpono, nā ana, a me ka pau ʻana o ka ʻili.

Ka Pulverization a me ka kānana ʻana

Hoʻomākaukau ka pulupulu a me ka kānana i nā pauka metala no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka PM. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā pauka ma ke ʻano ʻelua (ua hoʻolālā ʻia kekahi i spherical) a me ka nui. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā pauka metala ma o nā kaʻina hana like ʻole, me ka wili ʻana, ka ʻoki ʻana, ka hoʻoheheʻe electrolytic, nā hopena kemika, a me ka atomization. ʻO ka nui a me ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana he mea nui i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi ʻāpana no ka hana ʻana e nā ala PM.

Die Compaction

Hoʻokō ʻia ka die compaction me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nui o ke kaomi i koho ʻia ma ka lumi wela. Paʻi ʻia ka pauda i loko o ka make e hana i ke ʻano i makemake ʻia.

Hoʻopaʻa ʻana

Hoʻopili ka Sintering i ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka pauka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o nā kūlana lewa. Hoʻopili kēia kaʻina i nā ʻāpana pauda, ​​e hoʻonui i ka ikaika a me ka nui o ka mea. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā kaʻina hana wela lua e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical a me ka pololei dimensional.

Nā Kaʻina Hana Metala Pahu Kiʻekiʻe

Nā Kaʻina PM Kuʻuna

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kekahi mau kaʻina hana PM mai ka makahiki 1940, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pauka forging, hot isostatic pressing (HIP), metal injection molding (MIM), a me ka uila i kōkua ʻia i ka sintering (ECAS).

Paʻa Paʻa

I ka pauka forging, hana ʻia kahi ʻano pre-form me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paʻi maʻamau a me nā ʻano sinter, akā ua wela ka ʻāpana a wela wela, e hopena i kahi ʻāpana piha piha me nā waiwai like-wrought.

Paʻi Isostatic wela (HIP)

ʻO ka HIP ka waiho ʻana i ka pauka i loko o ke kini metala, a laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi i loko o kahi paʻi isostatic wela. Hoʻopuka kēia kaʻina hana i kahi ʻāpana i hoʻopau ʻia me ke ʻano kūpono a me ka piha piha.

Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia metala (MIM)

Hoʻohui ʻo MIM i ka pauka metala spherical me ka plastic a i ʻole ka mea hoʻopaʻa wax, e hana ana i kahi ʻāpana paʻa kokoke i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Ma hope o ka debindering a me ka sintering, hiki i ka ʻāpana ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka geometry paʻakikī.

ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kōkua ʻia i kēia manawa uila (ECAS)

Hoʻohana ʻo ECAS i nā au uila e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka pauka, e hōʻemi nui i ka pōʻai wela e pono ai e mālama i ka ikaika a me ka nui o ka ʻāpana hope. Ua kūpono kēia kaʻina hana no nā ʻano maʻalahi.

Hana Hoʻohui (AM)

Mea hana hoʻohui (AM), a i ʻolemetala paʻi 3D, he ala PM hou. Hoʻokumu ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana ʻāpana ma ka papa e hoʻohana ana i ka sintering laser a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā pauka metala, e ʻae ai i nā geometries paʻakikī a me ka hana maʻamau. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo AM no nā prototypes a me nā ʻāpana hana i ka aerospace, lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā ʻoihana automotive.

Nā Hana AM

1. Hana ʻia ʻo Electron Beam (EBM): E hoʻohana i ke kukui uila e wiliwili i ka pauka metala i loko o kahi ʻūhā, e pale ana i ka oxidation.
2. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Laser Metal Direct (DMLS): Hoʻohana i ka kukuna laser i loko o ka lewa argon e hoʻopaʻa i ka pauka metala, e hana ana i nā ʻāpana pololei loa.

Nā noi a me nā pono o ka pauda metala

Nā noi ʻoihana

ʻOihana Aerospace

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PM no nā ʻāpana māmā, ikaika kiʻekiʻe i ka aerospace. Makemake nā ʻoihana Hui Kamana loea i nā ʻenehana PM holomua no kēia ʻāpana.

ʻOihana Kaʻa

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻāpana PM i nā mīkini kaʻa, nā hoʻoili, a me nā mea hana, e hāʻawi ana i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi a me ka ikaika. GKN Sinter Metals he mea hoʻolako alakaʻi ma kēia ʻoihana.

Na Lapaau Lapaau

He kūpono ʻo PM no nā implants olakino a me nā prosthetics ma muli o kona biocompatibility. Makemake nā ʻoihana Zimmer Biomet leverage PM no nā mea lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe.

Mea uila

Ma ka uila, hana ʻo PM i nā mea magnetic, nā ʻāpana conductive, a me nā ʻāpana hana kiʻekiʻe.ʻO Hitachi Powdered Metals Co., Ltd. ʻike ʻia no kāna hoʻohana ʻana i ka PM i nā mea uila.

Pono o ka pauda metala

Mea Pono

Hoʻemi ʻo PM i nā ʻōpala waiwai, e hana ana i ka hana hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a hoʻomau.

Nā Geometry paʻakikī

ʻAe ʻo PM i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano paʻakikī i paʻakikī a hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō me nā ʻano hana maʻamau.

Nā Waiwai Kūlike

ʻO ke ʻano hoʻomalu o PM e hōʻoia i nā waiwai kūlike a wānana, pono no nā noi hana kiʻekiʻe.

Kūʻai-Pono

He kumu kūʻai ka PM no ka hana nui, hāʻawi i ka mālama nui ʻana i nā kumu waiwai a me nā koina hana.

Nā Luʻi a me nā ʻano o ka wā e hiki mai ana

Nā Luʻi ʻenehana

1. Manaʻo Porosity: Hoʻoponopono a hoʻemi i ka porosity e hōʻoia i ka pono a me ka ikaika o ka huahana hope.
2. Kaulike o na Waiwai: Loaʻa i nā ʻano waiwai like ʻole a puni ka ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ma nā ʻano paʻakikī.

Nā mea hou a me nā loina e hiki mai ana

1. Hana Hoʻohui: Hoʻohui i ka PM me ka hana hoʻohui e hana i nā ʻāpana maʻamau me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōpala.
2. Nā mea hoʻohana Nanoparticle: Ke hoʻohana nei i nā nanoparticles ma PM e hoʻonui i nā waiwai waiwai a hiki i nā noi hou.

Ka hopena

ʻO ka pauka metallurgyHe ʻenehana hana koʻikoʻi e hāʻawi ana i nā pono he nui, mai ka pono waiwai a hiki i ka hiki ke hana i nā ʻano paʻakikī. Ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻoihana i nā ʻāpana hana kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka pauka metala, me nā hana hou a me nā hoʻomaikaʻi. Paipai ʻia ka poʻe ʻoihana ʻoihana e noʻonoʻo i ka pauka metallurgy no kā lākou pono hana, e hoʻohana ana i kāna mau pono kūʻokoʻa e loaʻa ai nā hopena kiʻekiʻe.

Nā kuhikuhi

1. ʻO ka papa inoa piha o nā kumu, ʻatikala, a me nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka pauka metallurgy no ka heluhelu hou ʻana a me ka ʻike kikoʻī.