Tsib qhov kev lag luam loj rau kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic
Kev lag luam rau hluav taws xob tsheb
Tuam Tshoj tau tsim thiab muag 6.253 lab thiab 6.067 lab lub zog tshiab tsheb, raws li lub Ib Hlis thiab Kaum Ib Hlis, nce txog 100% xyoo dhau los, nrog rau 25% kev ua lag luam, raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis ntev los no los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Association of Automobile Manufacturers. Nrog rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev muag khoom loj hlob uas nyob deb dhau ntawm kev ua lag luam thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, kev nkag mus rau lub zog tshiab tau dhau 36% thiab nce ntxiv. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsheb tau hloov zuj zus mus tas li, uas tau nrawm hloov pauv ntawm nws cov qauv tsim thiab cov khoom siv. Kev siv lub zog tshiab hluav taws xob tsheb tau txais tag nrho cov khoom siv ceramic zoo heev vim lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb.
Ntawm lawv, HIP silicon nitride bearing npas thiab siab thermal conductivity silicon nitride substrates muaj ntau.
01 HIP Pob rau Silicon Nitride Bearings
Lub cev muaj zog bearings rau lub zog tshiab tsheb xav tau qis dua thiab sib piv cov ntaub ntawv hnav-tiv taus ntau dua vim lawv cov kev sib hloov siab dua thaum piv rau cov qauv bearings. Nyob rau hauv silicon nitride ceramic bearings, cov npas ua kom tsis muaj cua sov thiab kev sib txhuam hauv cov kabmob. Tshwj xeeb, silicon nitride yog ib qho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas tshwm sim uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev coj tus kheej tawm, ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm lubricants thiab bearings, thiab thaum kawg induce bearing tsis ua hauj lwm. Nws yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev siv hauv ntau yam haujlwm, suav nrog cov tsheb fais fab.
Ceramic bearings yog nce hloov steel pob bearings nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm hluav taws xob tsav. Silicon nitride ceramic pob insulated bearings yog siv nyob rau hauv domestic Xiaopeng P7, G9, Weilai ET7, thiab lwm yam qauv. Piv txwv li, cov zis ncej ntawm lub cev muaj zog siv los ntawm Tesla ntiav cov kabmob ceramic, hybrid ceramic bearings tsim los ntawm NSK, thiab cov kabmob uas ua los ntawm 50 silicon nitride npas.
Kub isostatic nias (HIP) thiab roj siab sintering (GPS) yog ob txoj kev npaj nrov tshaj plaws rau silicon nitride ceramic pob sintering. Ob txoj hauv kev no tau txais cov pob ceramic uas nquag siv hauv ntau qhov chaw. HIP silicon nitride muab cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws thiab lub neej qaug zog ntev dua li GPS silicon nitride.
Tam sim no, cov tuam txhab muaj npe nrov txawv teb chaws txuas ntxiv tswj hwm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev txhim kho kev coj ua, thaum Nyij Pooj, European, thiab Asmeskas cov tuam txhab txuas ntxiv ua tus thawj coj ntawm kev tsim cov khoom lag luam siab kawg. 2015 pom kev tsim ntawm National Materials High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd. hauv kuv lub tebchaws.
ua ib qho kev nce qib tseem ceeb hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov kub isostatically nias silicon nitride ceramic pob, ua rau nws yog thawj lub tuam txhab hauv Suav teb los tsim cov khoom loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no thiab peb lub tuam txhab tag nrho, tom qab Toshiba hauv Nyiv thiab Kustec hauv Tebchaws Meskas. SKF hauv Sweden, Timken hauv Asmeskas, GMN hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, thiab Forsa hauv Spain yog cov tebchaws uas nws cov khoom xa tuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev sib piv tau siv los ntawm Sinoceramic Jinsheng thiab lwm tus los tsim cov khoom siv silicon nitride bearing nrog 1000 MPa dabtsi yog khoov lub zog.
02 High thermal conductivity silicon nitride ceramic substrate
Silicon nitride ceramic substrates yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim units, semiconductor li thiab inverters ntawm ntshiab hluav taws xob tsheb (EV) thiab hybrid hluav taws xob tsheb (HEV), thiab muaj loj ua lag luam muaj peev xwm thiab daim ntawv thov prospects.
Tam sim no, khoov lub zog ntawm 650 MPa, tawg toughness ntawm 5-7 MPa·m1/2, thiab thermal conductivity ntawm 85 W / (m·K) yog xav tau rau kev lag luam siv cov thermal conductivity silicon nitride ceramic substrate khoom. Toshiba Group, Hitachi Metals, Nippon Electric Chemical, Maruwa, thiab Nippon Fine Ceramics yog cov tuam txhab tseem ceeb uas muaj peev xwm los tsim cov khoom siv silicon nitride ceramic substrates nrog cov thermal conductivity.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qee qhov kev nce qib hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev ntawm silicon nitride ceramic substrate cov ntaub ntawv. Los ntawm kev ua kom zoo rau txoj kev sintering thiab cov txheej txheem, Beijing Sinoma Artificial Crystal Research Institute Co., Ltd. tau ua tiav cov khoom siv silicon nitride ceramic substrate nrog lub zog dabtsi yog khoov ntawm 700-800MPa, tawg toughness ntawm ≥8MPa·m1/2, thiab thermal conductivity ntawm ≥80W / (m·K). Silicon nitride ceramic substrate tsim los ntawm Beijing ceg ntawm Sinoma High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd.
Cov tsheb hluav taws xob tam sim no tau txav los ze zog rau kev txawj ntse vim qhov muaj koob meej ntawm cov tsheb tshiab lub zog thiab kev txhim kho kev txawj ntse (AI). Cov tuam txhab tsim tsheb kuj tau pom muaj kev txaus siab rau ntau yam khoom siv ceramic, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv lidar packing, carbon ceramic brakes, muaj peev xwm MLCC, ceramic thermal conductive cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam.
Kev tsim khoom ntawm semiconductors
Txoj cai kev lag luam ntawm "ib tiam ntawm thev naus laus zis, ib tiam txheej txheem, ib tiam ntawm cov cuab yeej" tswj hwm kev lag luam semiconductor, thiab kev nce qib hauv cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev hloov kho tshiab thiab rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor. Precision ceramic qhov chaw yog cov khoom sawv cev tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv semiconductor precision ntawm lawv. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tseem ceeb semiconductor manufacturing txheej txheem, xws li etching, tshuaj vapor deposition, lub cev vapor deposition, thiab ion implantation. xws li mechanical tuav caj npab, electrostatic chucks, liners, guiding rails, thiab bearings, thiab lwm yam. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ruaj khov, tiv thaiv, thiab cuam tshuam, tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom siv kab noj hniav.
Kev tsim khoom ntawm semiconductors Kev lag luam semiconductor yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev lag luam kev cai lij choj ntawm "ib tiam ntawm thev naus laus zis, ib tiam ntawm cov txheej txheem, ib tiam ntawm cov cuab yeej," thiab kev txhim kho hauv precision ib feem thev naus laus zis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev hloov kho tshiab thiab iteration ntawm semiconductor machinery. Ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv siv rau semiconductor precision qhov chaw, precision ceramic qhov chaw yog tus sawv cev tshaj plaws. Lawv tau ua hauj lwm hauv etching, tshuaj vapor deposition, lub cev vapor deposition, thiab ion implantation, ntawm lwm yam tseem ceeb semiconductor manufacturing txheej txheem. xws li bearings, liners, guiding rails, electrostatic chucks, thiab mechanical tuav caj npab, rau npe rau ob peb tug. Nws ua haujlwm raws li kev hloov pauv, tiv thaiv, thiab ruaj khov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv kab noj hniav.
Kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kev lag luam
Raws li kev taw qhia ntawm lub teb chaws "dual carbon" txoj cai, tag nrho cov kev lag luam yog maj mam txhim kho nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog txuag, carbon txo, txo cov pa phem, thiab txhim kho efficiency. Raws li keeb kwm yav dhau los no, kev lag luam ceramic ntsib kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, tab sis nws kuj coj txoj hauv kev tshiab rau cov khoom siv ceramic.
01 Ceramic membrane
Txhawm rau hloov cov txheej txheem lim dej sib cais, cov txheej txheem sib cais membrane nrog cov khoom siv ceramic ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais yog tam sim no feem ntau siv los ua cov txheej txheem sib cais ua haujlwm siab hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam thiab cov dej tshwj xeeb rau kev sib cais, kev sib cais thiab purification, thiab purification thiab impurity tshem tawm.
Ceramic tiaj daim nyias nyias
Ntawm lawv, cov kua dej hauv qhov chaw nyuaj tuaj yeem raug lim, sib cais, thiab ua kom huv si siv cov khoom siv ua haujlwm siab ceramic. Qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam, muaj zog tshuaj stability, siab lim efficiency, zoo dependability, qis kev khiav hauj lwm thiab txij nkawm nqi, ncua kev pab cuam lub neej, thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg nyob rau hauv lub neej voj voog yog ib co ntawm lawv cov cwj pwm. Nws tau dav siv thiab txhawb nqa hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov dej phwj hauv nroog, faib dej kho, kho dej dub thiab tsw ntxhiab, rov siv dej rov qab, thiab kev kho dej hauv chaw ua si. Nws yog thawj txoj kev txhim kho hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb kev ua haujlwm siab ceramics sib cais thiab muaj ntau yam kev lag luam zeem muag.
Nrog rau kev kho dej, kev tswj hwm huab cua hauv kuv lub tebchaws tseem nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv. Ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb-hlau oxide system nano-denitrification catalyst yog thauj mus rau ceramic fiber ntau cov khoom siv los ua lub cev txhawb nqa los tsim cov kub kub fiber ntau rau denitrification thiab plua plav tshem tawm, lub lim dej nrog kev sib xyaw denitrification thiab plua plav tshem tawm cov haujlwm uas tuaj yeem ua tiav ncaj qha purification ntawm cov pa hauv qhov kub thiab txias.
02 Airgel
Kev nthuav dav ntsuab thiab qis-carbon kev loj hlob ntawm aerogel, cov khoom siv insulating super, tau tsim los txog tam sim no-ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm rau kev loj hlob ntawm airgel sector. Lub tshuab tshiab airgel tau cia siab tias yuav koom nrog kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsim ntsuab los tsim cov khoom siv tshiab ntxiv raws li cov qauv ntawm kev lag luam ntsuab tsim sai dua.
Airgel muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom tsis tshua muaj zog, ultra-siab porosity, qis tsis muaj zog, qis acoustic impedance thiab lwm cov yam ntxwv uas cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom lag luam tsis muaj. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau nws muaj kev cia siab zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev, biomedicine, suab rwb thaiv tsev, adsorption, thiab lwm yam, thiab kev lag luam xav tau muaj peev xwm loj.
Kev lag luam ntawm biomedicine
Ntau thiab ntau cov khoom tsim thiab cov khoom siv hauv nruab nrog cev yuav raug siv rau hauv kev kho mob raws li kev tsim kho thiab tib neeg lub neej tau zoo. Hauv kuv lub tebchaws, cov hlau zoo li cov hlau tsis muaj steel thiab cobalt alloys tau ntev tau siv los kho orthopedic thiab kho vim lawv cov cuab yeej zoo thiab tswj tau zoo; Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov biocompatibility tsis muaj. Yog li ntawd, kev ua lag luam thiab kev tshawb fawb rau cov ntaub ntawv txheej lossis bioceramics uas muaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab sib haum tau nthuav dav sai.
Vim tias lawv qhov tshwj xeeb pob txha tawv thiab hnav tsis kam, biomedical ceramics zoo li Al2O3, ZrO2, ZTA, Si3N4, thiab lwm yam khoom siv ceramic feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev phais load-bearing prostheses, kho hniav, cog pob txha, thiab lwm yam. ceramics. Ntawm cov no, silicon nitride sib xyaw ua ke cov kab mob bactericidal thiab nws tus kheej-lubricating zog, thiab nws cov implants muaj lub sij hawm ntev kev ruaj ntseg lom.
Xyoo 2022, qhov loj ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb rau cov khoom siv kho mob ceramic yog kwv yees li ntawm $ 15 billion USD. Hauv xyoo 2022, kev lag luam khoom siv kho mob ceramic hauv Suav teb xav tias yuav muaj nqis kwv yees li 4.5 billion US dollars. Ntawm lawv, alumina ceramics ua rau feem ntau (li 60%). Silicon nitride ceramics yog siv rau kev cog hniav orthopedic, thaum zirconia ceramics feem ntau yog siv hauv kev kho hniav.
Lub aerospace sector
Ceramics tsis tu ncua sawv tawm rau lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb hauv ntau yam kev thov hnyav. Cov tub rog thiab kev lag luam aerospace yog ob qho ntawm cov kev lag luam uas nyiam tshaj plaws rau cov ceramics siab heev. "High kub tsis kam" thiab "stealth" yog ob txoj kab kev txhim kho ceramic hauv kev lag luam aerospace.
Cov tiam tshiab ntawm cov tub rog aviation xyaw muaj qhov xav tau ntau ntxiv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub-resistant tshiab raws li lub peev xwm ntawm ib leeg muaju, thermal barrier coatings, thiab active cua txias yog maj mam depleted. SiC/SiC-CMC tau tshwm sim los ua ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv saum toj kawg nkaus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kub-resistant. SiC/SiC-CMC muaj zog thiab toughened nyob rau hauv loj feem los ntawm silicon carbide fiber ntau. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau SiC / SiC-CMC yog silicon carbide fiber ntau, uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam siab tshaj 1200 ° C thiab tau txais kev mloog ntawm lub zog aviation hauv kev tshawb fawb kev sib tw.
Feem ntau muaj xws li ib qho nruab nrab absorbing (absorbent) thiab cov khoom siv matrix (qee zaum hu ua binder), cov ntaub ntawv absorbing yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws stealth cov ntaub ntawv. Silicon carbide yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb uas siv los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau ntau; inorganic ceramic nanoparticles thiab inorganic polymer cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke los tsim cov khoom siv ceramic infrared stealth, ib hom txheej. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo broadband electromagnetic yoj nqus, inorganic ceramic nanoparticles yog sib cais nyob rau hauv ib qho inorganic polymer matrix thiab ua tib zoo tswj.