Kudzidza Kutsva Kunowana Titanium Medical Implants Inoshanda Zvakanyanya

3D kudhinda titanium maitiro

Zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare, zvakanakira 3D kudhinda tekinoroji kugadzira munhu kuvhiya anodyara manhamba anonyanya kuratidzwa mu: 3D kudhinda kwemahara kuumba maitiro anogona kukurumidza uye nemazvo kugadzirisa mukati mekudyara, inogona kukunda yechinyakare yepasirese kuisirwa chimiro chimiro hachienderane nemuviri wemunhu uye mashandiro ayo emagetsi haasi kusvika kumatambudziko akajairwa; Mukugadzira zvimiro zvakaoma uye zvakaoma-kuita-kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa, yakasarudzika diki-zvimiro, kunyanya porous kuburikidza nezvimiro, haingogone kusangana chete chaiyo yemuviri nemakemikari zvimiro, asi zvakare inosimudzira biohistocompatibility.

Iyi nhevedzano yezvakanakira inogona kukunda zvinobudirira matambudziko akajairwa ekudzivirira kushushikana uye yakaderera biological chiitiko chekuisa. Parizvino, anonyanya kushandiswa uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya 3D kudhinda titanium alloys ndeye SLM tekinoroji uye EBM tekinoroji.

Sarudzo Laser Melting (SLM) inoshandisa laser senge sosi yekupisa kuti isarudze irradiate pre-yakaiswa poda zvinhu kuti iwane nekukurumidza kunyungudika kuumba. Iyo huru yekushanda musimboti ndeyekuti pasi peinert gasi kuchengetedza nharaunda, chiridzwa nemidziyo inodzora laser beam zvinoenderana nekuzadza scanning nzira inogadzirwa neiyo system dhizaini modhi yekusarudza nekunyungudutsa imwe neimwe yehupfu.

Zvadaro chikuva chinotamiswa pasi, hupfu hunoiswa zvakare uye sintering inodzokororwa kusvikira chimiro chose chaumbwa. Iyo inert gasi kudzivirira inodzivirira simbi kuti isaita nemamwe magasi pakupisa kwakanyanya. SLM tekinoroji yakakura kwazvo yemhando yekugadzira zvinhu, kuchengetedza zvinhu uye kudzokororwa, haidi kugadzira uye kugadzirira yakaoma tsigiro system, iyi nhevedzano yemabhenefiti inoita kuti SLM tekinoroji iwedzere kushandiswa zvakanyanya.

Nekudaro, SLM inewo zvimwe zvipingamupinyi: nekuda kweiyo shoma laser simba uye scanning galvanometer deflection Angle, saizi yezvikamu zvakagadzirirwa neSLM zvichave zvishoma; High-simba lasers uye yakakwirira-yemhando yepamusoro michina yemaziso inodhura kugadzira, izvo zvinowedzera mutoro wehupfumi kune imwe nhanho. Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvehupfu muhunyanzvi hweSLM, kunaka kwepamusoro kwezvikamu zvakaumbwa zvinogona kunge zvichinetsa, izvo zvinoda kugadziridzwa kwechipiri kwechigadzirwa kuti chishandiswe kune rinotevera basa; Spheroidization uye warping defects inogonawo kuitika mukugadzirisa, izvo zvinoda imwe nhanho yekunyatsogadzirisa nzira yekugadzirisa Electron beam kunyunguduka, EBM inzira inoshandisa electron beam sechitubu chekupisa kunyungudutsa simbi poda layer muvacuum nharaunda yekuwedzera kugadzira.

Yayo kushanda musimboti: pre-yakavharwa upfu, mukuru-simba erekitironi danda deflection pashure kutarisa kuburitsa simba guru munharaunda diki nzvimbo kuongorora upfu layer kuti kuburitsa tembiricha uye kunyange kunyunguduka, kuburikidza erekitironi danda kuenderera mberi scanning kubudisa simba pakati kunyunguduka dziva fusion uye solidification, yakabatana mune linear uye planar simbi layer.

Mushure mekupedza iyo yazvino layer, dzokorora upfu hwekuisa oparesheni kuti uite. Mukuita kwekugadzira, EBM inotora iyo yechokwadi mhepo inonyungudika nharaunda kuti ive nechokwadi chepamusoro simba rezvinhu uye kudzivirira iyo oxidation yealloy. Kuenzaniswa neSLM, zvakakosha zvikuru zveEBM ndezvi: chizvarwa chinobudirira chemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anoshandisa simba shoma, kukurumidza kwekugadzira kwakakwirira, kuitira kuti simba rose remuchina wose rive rakakwirira; Iko kutsauka kweyerekitironi danda hakudi kufambisa chikamu chemidziyo, iyo inowedzera kunatsiridza kumhanya kwekutarisa. Iyo yakanaka yekupisa nharaunda inovimbisa kugadzikana kwechimiro chezvikamu zvakadhindwa zve 3D, inova nechokwadi chezvimiro zvayo zvemichina, inosangana nezvinodiwa biological, uye simbi hupfu inogona zvakare kudzokororwa.

Mamiriro uye kufambira mberi kwe3D yakadhindwa yekuvhiya implants

Kuvhiya implants uye orthotics ine 3D kudhinda ine inovimbisa application tarisiro mumunda weosteology. Iye zvino pane zvakawanda uye zvakawanda3D yakadhindwa implant zvinhusekunzwa AIDS, nhengo dzenhengo dzesimbi, madhiraivha ekuvhiya mapfupa emunhu, majoini ekugadzira, nzeve dzekunze dzekunze, kudyara kwemazino emunhu uye zvimwe zvinoshandiswa mukurapa kwemunhu. Maererano nemishumo, muna 2014, vatsvakurudzi vePeking University vakabudirira kudyara mukomana ane makore gumi nemaviri ane personalized 3D yakadhindwa musana wemakomba ane micro-holes, iyo yaive yekutanga nyaya munyika. Mugore rimwe chetero, vanachiremba nemasayendisiti vakaisa mumwe musikana wemakore mashanu muScotland ne 3D yakadhindwa yeprosthetic palm.

Iyo Stomatology Specialty Center ye411th Hospital yePeople's Liberation Army yakabudirira kushandisa EBM tekinoroji kutsika uye kuisa mandibular titanium alloy implant ine yakasarudzika yakasarudzika yeanatomy kune hemimaxillary resection murwere. Munguva yekushanda, kubviswa kwechirwere chechirwere uye kugadzirisa kwega kwega kwakapedzwa munguva imwe chete, uye mandible yakakanganisika yakagadziriswa yega uye yakavakwazve. The postoperative effect yaigutsa. Lethaus B nevamwe vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa teknolojia yekudhinda ye 3D kuti vagadzirisezve pfupa uye microvascular flaps muvarwere ve20 vane mandibular resection, iyo yakapfupisa nguva yekushanda uye yakavandudza hutano hwekushanda, uye mushure mekushanda kwaive kwakanaka. Mumakore achangopfuura, nhau dzakafanana uye tsvakiridzo dzakabuda murukova rusingaperi, izvo zvinoratidzira zvizere tarisiro yakanaka yekushandisa ye3D kudhinda mumunda wekurapa.

Kudivi rezvigadzirwa zvemapfupa, 3D yakadhindwa yekuvhiya implant zvinhu zviri kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kuenda kune kutengeserana uye kushambadzira. Muna 2007, bioprinted 3D yakadhindwa acetabulum makapu ane hard tissue scaffolders akagadzirwa neItaly kambani Adler Ortho neLIma-LTO vakapasa CE certification. Exactech's product yakatenderwa neFDA muna 2010. Muna 2009, all-titanium body fusion mudziyo wakagadzirwa neAmerican AMT company ichishandisa 3D printing yakapasawo EU CE certification. Muna 2013, yekutanga bioprinted dehenya kuisirwa chigadzirwa muUnited States yakatenderwa neFDA, inova zvakare yepasi rose yakasarudzika 3D yakadhindwa PEEK dehenya rekuisa chimiro.

Nechikonzero ichi, muna 2014, iyo United States Oxford Kambani yakagamuchira FDA mvumo ye 3D kudhinda maxillofacial bone zvigadzirwa (5IOK mode). Pamusoro pezvo, zvinoshumwa kuti munaGunyana 2015, iyo 3D yakadhindwa kuisirwa kwemunhu - yekugadzira hudyu yekubatanidza yakagadzirwa neTatu Hospital yeBeijing Medicine uye Beijing Aikang Yicheng Medical Equipment Co., LTD., yakanyoreswa neHurumende Food and Drug Administration. Iyo 3D yakadhindwa yehudyu joint yapinda mu "mass production stage", zvinoreva kuti China 3D printing implants dzakapindawo muchikamu chekugadzira.

3D tekinoroji yekudhinda yakaratidza kuwedzera kwakakosha basa musainzi yekurapa uye tekinoroji innovation, uye kutsvagisa nekushandiswa kweakasiyana-siyana emunhu anodyara prostheses, makumbo nemaoko, ma implants emazino uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawedzera. Saka, iyo biosafety kuongororwa kwemaimplants akagadzirirwa neiyi nzira nyowani inoda kutariswa kwakawanda.

Tsvagiridzo ye biosafety ye3D kudhinda titanium

Kuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvebiomedical kunonyanya kuratidzwa mukudyidzana pakati pematishu uye zvinhu. Kuti biomedical simbi zvinhu zvisangane nezviyero zvezvishandiso zvakasimwa, zvinofanirwa kudikanwa kuti maitiro anokonzerwa nekuisirwa mumuviri wemunhu ari padanho rinogamuchirika, uye panguva imwe chete, haigone kuunza shanduko yemhando muchimiro uye zvimiro zvechinhu. Kudyidzana pakati pemuviri wemunhu nemuviri wemunhu kunonyanya kuratidzwa mune yayo biocompatibility uye biological basa.

Naizvozvo, mushure mekuisirwa mumuviri wemunhu, kuisirwa hakufanirwe kukonzera kukanganisa kwakadai seallergies, kuzvimba uye chemistry mumasero emunhu, ropa uye nhengo, kana kurambwa kwemiviri yevanhu yekunze. Panguva imwecheteyo, inodiwawo kuti ma implants anoda kuiswa kwenguva yakareba anofanira kunge ane yakanaka static mechanical properties, kureva, simba rakakwana, rakakodzera elastic modulus, kugadzikana kwepamusoro, kumira kwakanaka kwekuora uye kusimba kwakasimba. Ikozvino kuiswa kwekuvhiya kwetitanium alloy kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumakiriniki maitiro, uye iyo biocompatibility tsvagiridzo yakura zvakare. Naizvozvo, kuchengetedzwa kwetitanium alloy zvikamu zvine chekuita ne3D kudhinda kunonyanya kutarisisa kuchengetedzwa kweiyo biomechanical basa.

Tsvagiridzo yekuti iyo 3D yakadhindwa simbi inodyarwa inofananidzwa neyakajairwa zvigadzirwa zvechinyakare maitiro maererano nemakanika zvivakwa, corrosion resistance uye biocompatibility, uye kuti zvimwe zvema static mechanical zvimiro zvealloy implant zvinogona kusangana nekiriniki application uye zviyero zvenyika zvichiri kuenderera mberi. Izvo zvakaonekwa kuti iyo partial static mechanical properties ye 3D yakadhindwa titanium implants inogona kusangana nekliniki zvinodiwa. Ti6A14V samples dzakagadzirirwa neEBM tekinoroji dzakaedzwa neyakajeka tensile bvunzo uye inopisa isostatic yekutsikirira bvunzo. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti simba reTI6A14V samples rakapfuura chiyero chekugadzira.

Kupokana kwekuora kweCo-Cr-Mo alloy yakagadzirwa neSLM tekinoroji yakafanana neyeiyo alloy yakagadzirwa nemaitiro echinyakare, uye huwandu hwekunyungudika kweion munzvimbo yakafananidzirwa yesalivary ishoma kudhinda kwe3D pane iyo yechinyakare process alloy. Chigadzirwa cheTi6A14V chakagadzirwa neDMLS tekinoroji chakawanikwa nekambani yeEOS kuti ive neyakafanana static mechanical zvivakwa uye kuneta kuramba sechinyakare chekugadzira kuburikidza zvine musoro mushure mekugadzirisa. Iyo porous titanium alloy vertebrae fusion mudziyo wakagadzirwa neEBM wakaiswa mumuviri wembudzi uye wakawana mhedzisiro yakanaka mumhando yekervical fusion yemakwai. Iyo bone-material interface yaive nani pane PEEK fusion mudziyo.

Kliniki, iyo elastic modulus uye mamwe ma mechanical properties yetitanium alloy haifananidzi zvinhu zvepfupa remunhu, izvo zvinozotungamirira kune chiitiko che "stress shielding" munharaunda yefupa remafupa ekuisa uye kukonzera osteoporosis, zvichiita kuti pfupa rive, kusunungura uye kurasikirwa kwekuisa uye kukundikana. Kuti kuderedza dambudziko iri netitanium implants, porous structure implants akapinda mumaziso evanotsvakurudza. Ikozvino, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti 3D kudhinda kunogona kugadzirisa iyo microstructure yemaimplants nehupamhi hwepamusoro kushandura elastic modulus uye mechanical properties, kuitira kuti ienderane nemapfupa emunhu uye nekuwedzera kunatsiridza mabasa ebiomechanical pahwaro hwekuona zvakakodzera physiological mutoro.

Iyo inodzorwa chimiro cheTi6AI4V muviri wakagadzirwa neEBM yekugadzira tekinoroji, uye iyo yemukati void chimiro chakawanikwa ichienderana neiyo theoretical dhizaini pasi pe scanning electron microscopy, iyo yakawana kutonga chaiko kweEBM pane chimiro che 3D yakadhindwa zvigadzirwa. Kuburikidza nemichina yekuita bvunzo, iyo inoenderana nekumanikidza simba ndeye 163MPa uye elastic modulus ndeye 14MPa pa60.1% pore porosity, iri padyo nebhonzo remunhu. In vitro cell tsika yakaratidzawo kunaka kwesero kuenderana.

Iyo porous scaffolds yakagadziridzwa neEBM tekinoroji kuburikidza neoptimization yemagadzirirwo edhizaini, uye yavo michina zvivakwa zvakaongororwa. Zvakaonekwa kuti biomechanics yezvakagadzirwa porous zvinhu zvaive nehupamhi hwepamusoro mukuenzanisa kwechikamu chekuenderana uye kuisirwa kuenderana. Mhando nhatu dzeporous titanium ine 300gm, 600gm uye 900 ~ tm dzakagadzirirwa neSLM dzakaiswa mutsuro tibia kuti dziongorore mhedzisiro yehuwandu hwepore pakukura kwebhonzo. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti mapfupa emapfupa ane 600 ~ m porous chimiro aive nehurefu huri nani uye biocompatibility.

Kubva pakuona kwekukura kwepfupa, scaffold ine inogadziriswa porosity uye aperture ichave yakanakira kutapurirana uye kutapurirana kwezvinovaka muviri mumuviri wemunhu, uye zvakare inogona kukurudzira kugona kwebhonzo kukura, kuwedzera musanganiswa wekuisa uye mapfupa emibhedha, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa re prosthesis, kuitira kuti uwane zvirinani zvekurapa pane yakasimba chimiro titanium alloy. Mumakore achangopfuura, multi-hole titanium alloy nhanho nhanho inoonekwa seyakanyanya kunaka kiriniki itsva yakaoma tishu kugadzirisa uye kutsiva zvinhu, uye kushandiswa kwe 3D yakadhindwa titanium alloy implants ine akasiyana ma microscopic zvimiro kana kuburikidza nezvimiro zvakare yakavhura munda mutsva.