Musiyano pakati pesimbi isina tsvina 316 uye 316L
Nhanganyaya
Chii chinonzi Stainless steel? Alloy simbi ine zvinopfuura 12% chromium kana kupfuura 8% nickel inowanzonzi simbi isina tsvina.
Simbi yerudzi urwu ine imwe corrosion resistance mumhepo kana corrosive media uye ine simba repamusoro pakupisa kwepamusoro (>450 ℃). Simbi ine chromium inosvika 16% kusvika 18% inonzi acid-resistant steel kana acid-resistant stainless steel uye inowanzonzi stainless steel. Kana chromium iri musimbi inopfuura 12%, chidimbu chechromium-rich passivation firimu chinokurumidza kuumbwa pamusoro pepamusoro nekuda kwekuita kwe electrochemical mukusangana neoxidizing media kuchengetedza mukati mesimbi kubva mukuora; asi mune isiri-oxidizing corrosive media, zvichiri kunetsa kuumba yakasimba passivation firimu. Kuti uvandudze kushora kwesimbi, chikamu chechromium chinowanzowedzerwa, kana alloy zvinhu zvinogona kukurudzira passivation zvinowedzerwa, senge Ni, Mo, Mn, Cu, Nb, Ti, W, Co, nezvimwe.
Zvinhu izvi hazvingonatsiridze kushora kwesimbi asiwo zvinoshandura sangano remukati uye zvemuviri uye zvemagetsi zvimiro zvesimbi. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu izvi zvealloy musimbi zvine maitiro akasiyana pane zvinhu zvesimbi isina tsvina.
Mamwe magineti, mamwe haasi-magineti, mamwe anogona kupiswa, uye mamwe haagone kurapwa kupisa. Nekuda kwehunhu huri pamusoro hwesimbi isina tsvina, iri kuwedzera kushandiswa zvakanyanya mundege, aerospace, makemikari, peturu, kuvaka, chikafu uye mamwe maindasitiri uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Izvo alloy zvinhu zvirimo zvine simba guru pane machinability, uye zvimwe zvakatooma kucheka.
Kubatsira vaverengi kuti vanzwisise zvirinani uye vasarudze zvinhu zvinovaitira, chinyorwa chino chichapinda mune zvakadzama pamusiyano uripo pakati pe316 ne316L simbi isina tsvina. 316 isimbi yakaderera-kabhoni isina tsvina ine giredhi repamba 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, nepo 316L iri Ultra-yakaderera-kabhoni Stainless simbi ine giredhi repamba 00Cr17Ni14Mo2. Zviripachena kuti nepo 316L ichinyanya kushingirira mukuora, 316 ine hukuru hwemagetsi hunhu.
Misiyano iri pakati pe316 ne316L simbi isina tsvina yakaita seinotevera:
Masimbi asina tsvina 316 uye 316L ndeaya ane molybdenum. 316L simbi isina tsvina ine molybdenum zvishoma pane 316 simbi isina tsvina. Zvichienzaniswa nesimbi dzisina simbi 310 ne304, simbi iyi inoita zvirinani zvachose nekuda kwe molybdenum yainayo. Kana iyo sulfuric acid yemukati iri pakati pe15% ne85% pakupisa kwakanyanya, 316 simbi isina tsvina inogona kushandiswa kune zvakasiyana siyana. Nzvimbo dzemugungwa dzinowanzo shandisa 316 simbi isina tsvina nekuda kwekusimba kwayo kupikisa chlorine corrosion.
Kana yakakwira corrosion resistance uye annealing after welding inodiwa, 316L Stainless simbi, iyo ine yakanyanya carbon content ye0.03 percent, inogona kushandiswa.
316 VS 316L Kemikari yakagadzirwa (chikamu chezhinji, %)
| Type | Mn | P | C | Uye | maX | Cr | In | For | zvimwe |
| 316 | 0.08 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 16-18 | 10-14 | 2-3 | - |
| 316L | 0.03 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 16-18 | 10-14 | 2-3 | - |
Corrosion resistance:
Mukugadzirwa kwemapepa uye mapepa, ine yakanaka corrosion resistance, inodarika 304 simbi isina tsvina. Uyezve, ngura kubva munzvimbo dzinotyisa dzemaindasitiri uye nharaunda dzemugungwa hazvigone kukanganisa 316 simbi isina tsvina.
Heat resistance:
316 simbi isina tsvina inoramba oxidation zvakanaka kana ichishandiswa nguva dzose pazasi 1700 madhigirii uye nepakati pasi pe1600 madhigirii. 316 Stainless simbi ine yakanaka kupisa inodzivirira kana ichishandiswa nguva dzose kunze kwe800-1575 dhigirii tembiricha renji, kunyangwe zviri nani kusaishandisa mumhando iyi zuva rese. Iyo tembiricha yepamusoro inokodzera 316L simbi isina tsvina, iyo inoshingirira kunaya kwecarbide kupfuura 316 simbi isina tsvina.
Kurapa kupisa:
Anneal pakati pe1850 ne2050 madhigirii, wobva wawedzera nekukurumidza usati watonhodza nekukurumidza. Kupisa hakuomese 316 simbi isina tsvina.
Welding:
316 simbi isina tsvina inoita zvakanaka kana zvasvika pakupinza. Ese akajairwa welding matekiniki anogona kushandiswa kuigadzira. Zvichienderana nekushandiswa, maelectrode esimbi asina tsvina kana mafiller rods akagadzirwa ne316Cb, 316L, kana 309Cb anogona kushandiswa kugadzira. Mushure mekugadzira, iyo 316 Stainless simbi chikamu chinofanirwa kuvharwa kuti chiwane chepamusoro-soro chekuramba kwecorrosion. Post-weld annealing haidiwi kana uchishandisa 316L simbi isina tsvina.
Mashandisirwo akajairika:
| Stainless simbi kodhi | Kuumbwa kwemakemikari (chikamu chehuwandu)/% | Anti-corrosion basa |
| Mabasa emuviri nemakemikari | feature | Indasitiri yekushandisa |
| SUS316 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 | C≤0.08; Si≤0.75; Mn≤2.00; P≤0.040; S≤0.030; Pa: 10.00-14.00; Cr:16.00-18.00; Nguva: 2.00-3.00 | Iyo ine yakanakisa corrosion kuramba uye yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba uye inogona kushandiswa pasi pemamiriro akaomarara. |
| Iyo ine yakanakisa corrosion resistance, plasticity, kuoma, high tembiricha simba, kutonhora deformation uye welding process performance. | Yakasimba corrosion kuramba, yakanyanya kunaka tembiricha simba, uye yepamusoro welding performance. | Inoshandiswa semvura yekunwa, mvura yekunwa, mvura inotonhora, mvura inopisa, gasi, gasi rekurapa, midziyo yemvura yegungwa, makemikari, mafuta, kugadzira mapepa, oxalic acid, fetiraiza midziyo, kutora mafoto, indasitiri yechikafu, nzvimbo dzemahombekombe. |
| SUS316L 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 | C≤0.030; Si≤0.75; Mn≤2.00; P≤0.040; S≤0.030; Pa: 10.00-14.00; Cr:16.00-18.00; Nguva: 2.00-3.00 | Kupokana necorrosion kuri nani pane 316, asi iyo tembiricha yakakwira zvishoma, saka inogona kushandiswa pasi pemamiriro akaomarara. |
| Iyo ine yakanakisa corrosion resistance, simba, plasticity, kuoma, kutonhora formability uye yakanakisa yakaderera tembiricha kuita. | Kuramba kwecorrosion kuri nani pane SUS316, asi kusimba kwekushisa kwakanyanya kwakawedzera zvishoma. | Inoshandiswa semvura yekunwa, mvura yekunwa, mvura inotonhora, mvura inopisa, gasi, gasi rekurapa, midziyo yemvura yegungwa, makemikari, mafuta, kugadzira mapepa, oxalic acid, fetiraiza midziyo, kutora mafoto, indasitiri yechikafu, nzvimbo dzemahombekombe. |
316 uye 316L Stainless Steel vs. 304
Simbi yakajairwa isina tsvina inoshandiswa kugadzira michina uye zvikamu zvinoda kuve nehunhu hwakanaka hwese (senge corrosion resistance uye formability) ndeye 304.
Nezve makemikari ekuramba kwemarara, 304 uye 316 simbi isina tsvina haiwanzosiyana kubva kune imwe, kunyangwe paine misiyano yakanangana nenhau.
Pasi pemamwe mamiriro, 304, yekutanga simbi isina simbi kugadzirwa, inotapukirwa negomba rekuora. Imwezve 2-3% molybdenum kuwedzera inogona kuderedza kunzwisiswa uku, zvichiita kuti 316. Iyi molybdenum yakawedzerwa inogonawo kuderedza kuora kunokonzerwa nemamwe ma organic acids anopisa.
Mubhizimusi rekudya nechinwiwa, 316 simbi isina tsvina ingangoita yakajairwa zvinhu. 316 Stainless simbi inodhura kupfuura 304 Stainless steel nekuda kwekushomeka kwepasi rose kwemolybdenum uye kuwedzera nickel content ye316 Stainless steel.
Nekuda kwekushaikwa kweokisijeni uye kusakwanisa kugadzira danda rekudzivirira rechromium oxide, kukora kwegomba kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuisa ngura pamusoro pesimbi isina tsvina.
Pitting corrosion haiwanzo, kunyanya mumavharuvhu madiki, nekuti pane mukana mudiki wekuisa paplate yevharuvhu.
304 uye 316 simbi isina tsvina ine inoda kuenzana corrosion resistance mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemvura media (mvura yekunwa, mvura yakasvibiswa, mvura yerwizi, bhailer mvura, mvura yegungwa, nezvimwewo); zvisinei, 316 simbi isina tsvina inokodzera zvirinani kana iyo yepakati iine yakasarudzika yakakwira mwero yekloridi ion.
Kunyange zvazvo kusaora kwe304 uye 316 simbi isina tsvina kunowanzove kwakasiyana zvakanyanya, panogona kunge paine musiyano wakakura unoda kuti kuferefetwa kwakawanda. Sezvo vachange vachisarudza pombi nemidziyo yemidziyo zvichienderana nepakati, vashandisi vevharuvhu vanofanirwa kuve nehana yakajeka. Isu hatikurudzire vashandisi pane chero zvigadzirwa.
Kemikari yakagadzirwa (304,304L,316,316L)
| Type | Mn | P | C | Uye | maX | Cr | In | For | zvimwe |
| 304 | 0.08 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 18-20 | 8-12 |
| - |
| 304L | 0.03 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 18-20 | 8-12 |
| - |
| 316 | 0.08 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 16-18 | 10-14 | 2-3 | - |
| 316L | 0.03 | 2 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 1 | 16-18 | 10-14 | 2-3 | - |
Mechanical properties (304,304L,316,316L)
| Type | UTS N/mm ² | Yield N/mm ² | Elongation % | Kuoma (HRB) | Inofananidzwa neDIN nhamba | |
| zvakaitwa | cast | |||||
| 304 | 600 | 210 | 60 | 80 | 1.4301 | 1.4308 |
| 304L | 530 | 200 | 50 | 70 | 1.4306 | 1.4552 |
| 316 | 560 | 210 | 60 | 78 | 1.4401 | 1.4408 |
| 316L | 530 | 200 | 50 | 75 | 1.4406 | 1.4581 |
Nhanganyaya kune dzimwe simbi dzisina tsvina
304 isimbi ine chinangwa chakajairwa-inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzira michina uye zvikamu zvinoda zvakanaka zvakakwana zvivakwa (corrosion resistance uye formability).
301 simbi isina tsvina inoratidza basa riri pachena rinoomesa kana rakaremara uye rinoshandiswa pazviitiko zvakasiyana zvinoda simba rakakwirira.
302 Stainless simbi inongosiyana-siyana ye304 Stainless simbi ine yakakwira kabhoni yemukati, iyo inogona kugadzirwa kuti ive nesimba repamusoro kuburikidza nechando kukunguruka.
302B isimbi isina tsvina ine yakakwira silicon yemukati, ine yakakwirira kupikisa kune yakakwirira-tembiricha oxidation.
303 uye 303Se simbi isina tsvina ine sulfuri uye selenium inochekwa mahara, ayo anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinonyanya kudiwa kucheka mahara uye kumusoro kwepamusoro. 303Se Stainless simbi inoshandiswawo kugadzira zvikamu zvinoda kupisa kupisa nekuti ine yakanaka inopisa kushanda pasi pemamiriro akadaro.
304L mutsauko we304 simbi isina tsvina ine yakaderera kabhoni yemukati, iyo inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinodiwa welding. Iyo yakaderera kabhoni yemukati inoderedza kunaya kwemacarbides munzvimbo inobatwa nekupisa pedyo neweld, izvo zvinogona kukonzera intergranular corrosion (weld erosion) yesimbi isina tsvina mune dzimwe nharaunda.
305 uye 384 simbi isina tsvina ine yakakwira nickel yemukati uye yakaderera basa kuomarara mwero uye akakodzera kune akasiyana zviitiko ane zvakakwirira zvinodikanwa zvekutonhora kuumbwa.
308 simbi isina tsvina inoshandiswa kugadzira simbi dzewelding.
309, 310, 314 uye 330 masimbi asina tsvina ane nickel yakakwira uye chromium zvirimo kuitira kuti avandudze kurwisa oxidation uye simba rinokambaira resimbi pakupisa kwakanyanya. 30S5 uye 310S akasiyana e309 uye 310 simbi isina tsvina, mutsauko uripo ndewekuti kabhoni yemukati yakadzikira kuitira kuderedza macarbides anonaya pedyo neweld. 330 simbi isina tsvina ine yakanyanya kupikisa kune carburization uye kuvhunduka kwemafuta.
316 uye 317 Stainless simbi ine aruminiyamu, saka kuramba kwavo kugomba ngura munzvimbo dzemugungwa nemakemikari maindasitiri zviri nani pane izvo zve304 Stainless simbi. Pakati pazvo, 316 simbi isina tsvina ine zvakasiyana zvinosanganisira yakaderera-kabhoni Stainless simbi 316L, uye yakakwirira-simba Stainless simbi ine nitrogen.
316N uye yemahara-kucheka Stainless simbi 316F ine yakakwira sulfur content.
321, 347, uye 348 simbi dzisina tsvina dzakadzikamiswa netitanium, niobium, uye tantalum, zvichiteerana, uye dzakakodzerwa nemidziyo yewelding inoshandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya. 348 isimbi isina tsvina yakakodzera indasitiri yemagetsi enyukireya uye ine zvimwe zvinorambidzwa pahuwandu hwetantalum uye cobalt.
Paunenge uchisarudza, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakaita sezvinodiwa zvekushandisa, mamiriro ekunze, uye bhajeti remutengo.