Powder Metal Tooling Design

 

Mathata a Tloaelehileng ho Powder Metal Tooling Design

 

Moralo oa lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tsa phofo o tobane le liphephetso tse 'maloa tse amang boleng ba karolo le bophelo ba lisebelisoa. Liqholotso tsena li etsa qeto ea hore na karolo e tla kopana le li-specs le ho sebetsa ka ts'epo.

 

Ho Apara Pele ho Nako: Lisosa le Thibelo

Ho roala ha lisebelisoa ho ama haholo katleho ea tlhahiso le karolo ea boleng ba metallurgy ea phofo. Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea ho roala e kenyelletsa ho roala sekhomaretsi (galling) le liaparo tse senyang tse senyang holim'a sesebelisoa. Lisebelisoa li tlameha ho sebetsana le lipotoloho tse makholo a likete tsa phofo. Sena se baka khatello e kholo likarolong tsa lisebelisoa.

Lisebelisoa tsa phofo ea metallurgical (P/M) li sebetsa hantle khahlanong le mathata ana. Ba feta litšepe tse tloaelehileng tsa lisebelisoa tse kang AISI A2, S7, kapa D2 tse nang le khanyetso e ntle ea ho roala le ho tiea. Ts'ebetso ea P / M e theha likaroloana tse nyane, tse ts'oanang, tse chitja tsa carbide tse matlafatsang khanyetso ea abrasive ntle le ho lahleheloa ke matla a tšepe. Theknoloji ea ho roala e tsoetseng pele joalo ka PVD le CVD e ka etsa hore lisebelisoa li tšoarelle nako e telele ka ho eketsa likarolo tse sirelletsang tse nang le lubricity e ntle.

 

Mathata a Phapang ea Tekano Likarolong Tse Ratang

Phapang ea bongataho fihlela ho 3% ho etsahala nakong ea ho tlatsa phofo. Sena se ama thepa ea mochini le ho nepahala. Mathata ana a mpefala le ho feta ha mamello le litlhoko tsa thepa ea mochini li ntse li eketseha. Ho kopanya phofo e fosahetseng, khatello e sa lekaneng ea compaction, le boholo bo fapaneng ba likaroloana li baka litaba tsena.

Khohlano lipakeng tsa sebaka se kopaneng le se nang le bokaholimo bo bapala karolo ea bohlokoa kabong ea bongata. Khokahano ea khokahanyo e fetoha ha boima bo ntse bo nyoloha—hangata bo theoha butle-butle le ho feta tekano. Khohlano ena e fetohang e baka phapang ea khatello e amang mekhoa ea ho qetela ea ho teteana, haholo-holo ka libopeho tse rarahaneng.

 

Mathata a Botsitso ba Dimensional Nakong ea Ejection

Likarolo hangata li tobana le mathata a botsitso nakong ea sintering le ejection. Likarolo tse sintered li ka fokotseha ho feta mocheso o phahameng. Liphetoho tse itšetlehileng ka tsela li etsa hore likhakanyo tsa moralo li be thata.

Lithempereichara tse sa tsitsang tse sa tsitsang li baka tšubuhlellano e sa tsitsang. Ho pholile ka potlako ho ka tšoasa khatello ea kelello likarolong. Ho eketsa molybdenum ho thusa likarolo tsa ferrous hore li lule li tsitsitse nakong ea phekolo ea mocheso. Likarolo tse rarahaneng tse nang le likarolo tsa cantilevered li ntse li sa sebetsane hantle le ho khopama ka lebaka la matla a sa lekaneng le matla a capillary nakong.mokelikeli-phase sintering.

Ho etsa likarolo tsa tšepe tsa boleng bo botle ho hloka khetho e hlokolosi ea thepa, moralo o betere oa lisebelisoa, le taolo e nepahetseng ea ts'ebetso ho fihlela litekanyetso tse thata tsa boleng.

 

Khetho ea Boitsebiso bakeng sa Lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa Powder Metal

 

Boleng ba likarolo, katleho ea tlhahiso, le litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso li itšetlehile haholo ka ho khetha lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tsa phofo. Khetho ena e hloka ho nahana ka mefuta ea phofo, boholo ba tlhahiso, le likhaello tsa tekanyetso.

 

Tool Steel Grades bakeng sa Mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea Phofo

Lisebelisoa tsa Powder Metallurgy (P/M).li molemo ho feta litšepe tse tloaelehileng hobane li hanela ho apara hantle ebile li thata. PM A11 e sebetsa hantle ka li-powders tse thehiloeng ka tšepe 'me e u fa khanyetso e phahameng haholo ea ho sesa hammoho le matla a matla a ts'usumetso. PM T15, e nang le cobalt, e hanela ho nolofatsa mocheso o phahameng 'me e sebetsa hantle ka lisebelisoa tse senyang. PM M4 e hlahella hobane li-carbide tsa eona tsa vanadium li fana ka khanyetso e phahameng ea ho apara hammoho le ho ba le tšusumetso e matla le matla a ho kobeha.

Lisebelisoa tse ruileng ka vanadium, joalo ka PM60, li nepahetse bakeng sa ho etsa li-alloys tse matla haholo. PM420 ke khetho e ka sehloohong bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse atisang ho bola hobane tšepe ena e phahameng ea vanadium e hanang ho bola e sebetsana le liphofshoana tse mabifi hantle. Li-powders tse entsoeng ka koporo li hloka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng kaha ho eketsa 1% feela ea koporo ho eketsa matla a lihlahisoa ka 70-140 MPa.

 

Carbide Tooling bakeng sa Tlhahiso e Phahameng ea Moqolo

Melemo ea tlhahiso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea lisebelisoa tsa carbide hobane e sebetsa hantle ho feta tšepe e phahameng. Lisebelisoa tsa Tungsten carbide li bitsa chelete e habeli ho feta likhetho tse tloaelehileng tsa tšepe, empa bophelo ba bona ba nako e telele ba ts'ebeletso bo etsa hore ba tšoanelehe ho tsetela. Liteko tsa masimong li bonts'a hore li-alloys tse tsoetseng pele joalo ka Micro-Melt Maxamet li nka nako e telele ho feta makhetlo a mararo ho isa ho a mahlano ho feta litšepe tse tloaelehileng tsa M2 ha u fetola tšepe e sa hloekang.

Ho thatafala ho ikhethang ha Carbide ho feta HRC 70 le khanyetso e phahameng ea ho roala ho etsa hore e be e loketseng bakeng sa tlhahiso e telele e nang le liphetoho tse fokolang tsa lisebelisoa. Thepa e hloka mechini e thata haholo le ho ts'oaroa ka hloko ho qoba ho robeha nakong ea ts'ebeliso.

 

Tlhahlobo ea Litšenyehelo tsa Melemo ea Lisebelisoa tsa Premium Tool

Lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa Premium li hloka ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa litšenyehelo tsa pele le litšenyehelo tsa nako e telele tsa tlhahiso. Powder Metallurgy e boloka chelete hobane e sebelisa matla a fokolang mme e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse tala hantle, ka tšebeliso ea thepa e ka bang 95%.

Litšepe tsa Premium P/M tse lebelo tse kang PM32CO tse nang le 8% ea cobalt li ka bitsa chelete e ngata pele empa li tšoarella nako e telele lits'ebetsong tse thata. Likhamphani tse fetohetseng thepa ea pele li ile tsa bona nako ea ho theoha ha mochini e theoha ka 33% mme lisebelisoa tsa bona li ile tsa nka nako e telele ka makhetlo a mararo. Litsenyehelo tse phahameng tsa pele li lefa - liphuputso tsa linyeoe li bonts'a hore ho khetha thepa e nepahetseng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa tšepe ea phofo ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ka 68% ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa ea khale ea machining.

 

Powder Metal Compaction Tooling bakeng sa likarolo tse nepahetseng

 

Boleng basesebelisoa sa ho kopanya tšepe ea phofoe bopa kamoo likarolo tsa ho qetela li fellang hantle kateng. Sena se etsa qeto ea hore na likarolo li kopana le litlhokahalo tse tiileng tsa boholo ba kajeno. Likarolo tsa metallurgy tsa phofo li ka fihla maemong a nepahetseng a makatsang. Likarolo tse ling tsa sintered li ka lula ka har'a ± 0.01 mm bakeng sa litekanyo tsa tsona tsa radial.

Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe ea phofo

Ho Finyella Mamello e Thata ka Moralo o nepahetseng oa Lisebelisoa

Likarolo tse sintered hangata li hola 1-3% ka mor'a ho sintering. Ho nepahala ha bona ha radial dimensional ho lula pakeng tsa IT8 le IT9. Ts'ebetso ea boholo e etsa hore ho nepahala ha dimensional ho be betere ka bongata, ho fihla IT6-IT7. Likarolo tse nyane li ka ba tsa otla mamello ka nepo joalo ka ± 5 μm. Lintho tse 'maloa li ama tsela eo mamello e sebetsang hantle ka eona:

• Litšobotsi tsa phofo: Boholo ba likaroloana, kabo, le sebopeho se ts'oanang hore na compact e tala e ts'oana joang
• Khatello ea ho kopana: Khatello eo u e sebelisang e fetola boholo ba karolo le sebopeho
• Ho roala lithulusi le ho shoa: Lisebelisoa tse senyehang li baka phapang ea boholo
• Tlhaho ea lintho tse bonahalang: Phofo e ’ngoe le e ’ngoe e honyela ka tekanyo ea eona

Lisebelisoa tsa boleng li tlameha ho ba le seta se nepahetseng le lisebelisoa. Li boetse li hloka li- clearances tse haufi le zero le li-micro-finish tse ntle haholo ho sebetsana le likhatello le likhohlano.

 

Litlhokomelo tsa lisebelisoa bakeng sa likarolo tsa likoloi tsa Powertrain

Likarolo tsa likoloi tsa motlakase hangata li hloka feela mamello e thata eo u ka e fumanang. Theknoloji ea tšepe ea phofo e thusa ho etsa likarolo tsa tsamaiso ea nako e nepahetseng haholo tse bolokang lienjineri tse tukang ka hare li sebetsa hantle le ka ts'epo. Likarolo tsena li tlameha ho ba thata haholo khahlano le ho apara, ho ba matla le ho ba bobebe.

Lisebelisoa tsa lipolanete, likarolo tsa ho tsamaisa, le litsamaiso tsa mariki li sebetsa betere ka lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa tšepe tse bolokang boholo ba tsona bo tsitsitse. Likoloi kajeno li sebelisa likarolo tse fetang 1,000 tsa phofo ea metallurgy. Boima bo tloaelehileng ba likarolo tse sintered bo tloha ho 13 ho isa ho 45 kg.

 

Litlhoko tsa Lisebelisoa tsa Meriana ea Meriana

Re sebelisitse lisebelisoa tse lumellanang le biocompatible le meralo e rarahaneng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa bongaka. Metallurgy ea phofo e thusa ho etsa likarolo tse rarahaneng, tse tloaelehileng tse nang le lisebelisoa tse hloekileng tse fokotsang likotsi tsa tšoaetso. Li-powders tse thehiloeng ho titanium li etsa lisebelisoa tse kenngoeng hantle. Li teteane joalo ka lesapo la motho empa li ntse li le matla ebile li le bobebe.

Lisebelisoa tsa bongaka li tlameha ho thusa ho theha libopeho tse rarahaneng tse nang le libaka tse boreleli. Lisebelisoa tsena li boetse li thusa ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa bongaka tse tloaelehileng tse lumellanang hantle le mokuli e mong le e mong. Metallurgy ea phofo e re thusa ho theha meralo e rarahaneng eo machining a tloaelehileng a ke keng a lumellana le eona.

 

Mehopolo ea Moruo ho Ntlafatso ea Lisebelisoa

 

Katleho ea tlhahiso ea tšepe ea phofo e itšetlehile ka ho fumana tekanyo e nepahetseng pakeng tsa litšenyehelo tsa pele le litšenyehelo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa ts'ebetso. Liqeto tse bohlale tsa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa li ama katleho ea tlhahiso le ho tseba hore na sebaka sena se ikhethileng se ka ba le phaello e kae.

Matsete a Pele a Tooling vs. Litšenyehelo tsa Nako e Telele ea Tlhahiso

Indasteri ea phofo ea metallurgy e latela molao oa motheo oa moruo:matsete a phahameng a lisebelisoa tsa pelelebisa ho baballo e kgolo ho theosa le tsela. PM tooling e hloka lisebelisoa tse kholo tsa tlhahiso ho sebetsa licheleteng hobane lisebelisoa li theko e boima ebile li rarahane. Likhamphani li tlameha ho jala litšenyehelo tsena ho lihlahisoa tse ngata, e leng se etsang hore PM e be khetho e mpe bakeng sa lihlopha tse nyane.

Lipalo tsa tlhahiso li etsa hore PM e be theko e tlase haholo ho feta mekhoa ea khale ea tlhahiso. Boithuto bo bontša hore metallurgy ea phofo e boloka hoo e ka bang 68% ea litšenyehelo tsohle ha e bapisoa le lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka mochini. Lintlha tse peli tse kholo li theha monyetla ona: ts'ebetso e sebelisa matla a fokolang mme e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse tala hantle.

Baetsi ba likarolo tsa likoloi hangata ba lefisa feela lisebelisoa tsa pele tsa lisebelisoa. Ba hlokomela lisebelisoa tseo ho pholletsa le bophelo ba karolo ea tlhahiso. Matsete a lisebelisoa a lefa esita le ka li-volumes tsa selemo le selemo tse tlase ho likotoana tse 1,000-2,500 ha ho nkeloa sebaka sa likere tse sehiloeng tsa tšepe, forgings kapa castings e entsoeng ka mochini.

 

Mekhoa ea ho Atolosa Bophelo ba Sesebelisoa

Ho etsasebetsa nako e teleleho qetela ho hloka mekhoa e 'maloa ea bohlokoa:

• Laola ho hlahisa mochesohobane mocheso o mongata o potlakisa ho tsofala
• Lokisetsa lithako tsa lisebelisoa hantleho qoba ditshipi tse bakang ho hloleha kapele
• Etsa litlolo tse loketsengjoalo ka titanium aluminium nitride kapa vanadium carbide ho tšoarella nako e telele
• Ntlafatsa litsela tsa lisebelisoaho fokotsa matla le ho boloka kopano e tsitsitse
• Fokotsa bolelele ba gagepakeng tsa sesebedisoa le setshoaro ho etsa hore se thatafale

Lisebelisoa tsa boleng li fana ka botsitso, li fokotsa ho sisinyeha, 'me li beha lisebelisoa ka nepo. Lisebelisoa tse betere hangata li bitsa chelete e tlase ho li boloka ha nako e ntse e ea, leha litheko li phahame.

 

Nako ea ho Lokisa vs. Fetola Lisebelisoa tse Senyehileng

Nako e nepahetseng ea ho fetola lisebelisoa e thusa ho boloka nako le lisebelisoa. Matšoao a hlakileng a ho roala ha lisebelisoa a kenyelletsa tlhahiso e sa lekanang, lerata le lerata le ho thothomela ho makatsang. U ka bona ts'ebetso e ntseng e fokotseha ka mahlakore a pota-potiloeng, mapetsong, kapa matšoao a cheleng.

Lisebelisoa li hloka ho nkeloa sebaka ha:

• Ho chorisa ha ho sa thusa ts'ebetso
• Litokiso li bitsa chelete e kaalo ka lisebelisoa tse ncha
• Lisebelisoa tse senyehileng li baka likotsi tsa polokeho

Lisebelisoa tse mpe li etsa hore ho fokotsehe hantle le ho senya thepa e ngata. Ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse senyehileng ho beha khatello e eketsehileng likarolong tsa lisebelisoa tse kang li-spindle le li-bearings. Liqeto tse potlakileng tsa phetoho li thibela mathata ana ho mpefala.

 

Qetello

 

Moralo oa lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tsa phofoe bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho theheng likarolo tsa boleng bo holimo moruong. Bahlahisi ba khetha thepa ka hloko ho finyella ho hanyetsa ho apara hantle le ho tšoarella, haholo-holo ha ba e-na le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa lisebelisoa tsa P / M le likhetho tsa carbide tse fumanehang. Theknoloji ena e bonts'a ho feto-fetoha ha eona ka mamello e nepahetseng, e etsang hore e be e loketseng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa likoloi le tsa bongaka.

Lipalo li bua pale e susumetsang - phofo ea metallurgy e fokotsa litšenyehelo ka 68% ha e bapisoa le mekhoa ea khale ea tlhahiso. Lipolokelo tsena li tlisoa ke ho sebelisa matla a fokolang, ho fokotsa litšila, le tlhokomelo e bohlale ea lisebelisoa. Peeletso ea hau ea mantlha e lefa kapele ka nako e telele ea lisebelisoa le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa ts'ebetso, haholo-holo tlhahisong e phahameng.

Sehlopha sa rona sa litsebi tsa phofo ea metallurgy se u amohela ho botsa ka ho fumana litharollo tse tšepahalang bakeng sa litlhoko tsa hau tse ikhethang. Katleho ea tlhahiso ea tšepe ea phofo e itšetlehile ka motsoako o nepahetseng oa moralo oa lisebelisoa, khetho ea thepa le maano a tlhokomelo.

Mokhoa ona o felletseng oa moralo oa lisebelisoa tsa tšepe oa phofo o aha holim'a botsebi ba tekheniki le moruo o bohlale ho sutumelletsa bokhoni ba tlhahiso pele. Bokhoni ba theknoloji ea ho hlahisa likarolo tse rarahaneng, tse nepahetseng ka litšenyehelo tse loketseng bo etsa hore e be khetho e holimo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa sejoale-joale tsa indasteri.

 

FAQs

Q1. Melemo ea mantlha ea lisebelisoa tsa tšepe ea phofo ha ho etsoa ke life? 

Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tsa phofo li fana ka melemo e mengata, ho kenyelletsa le 15% e fokolang ea tšebeliso ea matla ha e bapisoa le mekhoa ea setso, e ka tlaase ho 5% ea lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa, le bokhoni ba ho hlahisa likarolo tse haufi kapa tse haufi le ho qetela. Sena se fella ka ho boloka litšenyehelo, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, le ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea bobeli ea mochini.

 

Q2. Khetho ea thepa e ama ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa tšepe joang?

Khetho ea thepa e bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa tšepe ea phofo. Lisebelisoa tsa Powder Metallurgy (P / M) li fana ka khanyetso e phahameng ea ho apara le ho ba thata ha li bapisoa le litšepe tse tloaelehileng. Bakeng sa tlhahiso ea boleng bo phahameng, lisebelisoa tsa carbide li feta tšepe e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, e fana ka boima bo ikhethang le ho hanyetsa ho apara ho sa tsotellehe litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa pele.

 

Q3. Ke mamello efe e ka finyelloang ka sesebelisoa sa phofo sa compaction? 

Powder metal compaction tooling e ka finyella mamello e matla haholo. Kamora ho nyenyefatsa le ho etsa boholo, ho nepahala ha dimensional ho ka fihla IT6-IT7, ka likarolo tse nyane tse fihlelang mamello e tiileng joalo ka ± 5 μm. Litekanyo tsa mahlaseli li ka laoloa ka har'a ± 0.01 mm likarolong tse ling tsa sintered.

 

Q4. Metallurgy ea phofo e bapisa litšenyehelo joang le mekhoa ea khale ea tlhahiso?

Metallurgy ea phofo e ka boloka hoo e ka bang 68% ea litšenyehelo tsohle ha e bapisoa le lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka mochini. Ts'ebetso ena ea litšenyehelo e bakoa ke tšebeliso e tlase ea matla nakong eohle ea ts'ebetso le ts'ebeliso e phahameng ea lisebelisoa tse tala. Leha ho le joalo, e hloka litsamaiso tse kholo tsa tlhahiso hore li be le moruo ka lebaka la matsete a holimo a lisebelisoa tsa pele.

 

Q5. Ke maano afe a ka lelefatsang bophelo ba lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tsa phofo? 

Ho lelefatsa bophelo ba lisebelisoa, bahlahisi ba ka laola tlhahiso ea mocheso, ba lokisa litebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa hantle, ba sebelisa likoahelo tse loketseng, ba ntlafatsa litsela tsa lisebelisoa, 'me ba fokotsa bolelele ba gage pakeng tsa sets'oants'o sa sesebelisoa. Ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa boleng bo holimo le ho kenya tšebetsong maemo a pele le hona ho ka kenya letsoho bophelong bo bolelele ba lisebelisoa le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo ha nako e ntse e ea.