Kungani Onjiniyela Bakhetha Ama-Sintered Bearings: I-Powder Metallurgy Advantage

Isayensi Engemuva Kwama-Bronze Bearings

 

Isayensi yokukhiqiza ngemuva kwama-bronze bearings incike ekulawuleni okunemba kwensimbi okuphendulela izinhlayiya zensimbi ezixegayo zibe izingxenye ezisebenzayo ezine-porosity yobunjiniyela. Le nqubo ephawulekayo iqala ngezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi iphetha ngengxenye ehlinzeka ngokugcotshwa okungaguquki kuyo yonke impilo yayo yokusebenza.

 

I-Powder Metallurgy: Ukuguqula Insimbi ibe Impushana futhi Emuva

I-powder metallurgy isebenza njengesisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwe-sintered bearing, kuqala ngokudala impushana yensimbi. Abakhiqizi basebenzisa impushana yethusi ene-athomu equkethe ithusi elinethayela elingu-9-11%. Impushana ihlanganiswa nezithasiselo, okuhlanganisa nokuthambisa kwe-waxy esiza enqubweni yokuhlanganisa. Ingxube ibe isidlulela ekuhlanganiseni komshini ekucindezeleni okufayo ngezingcindezi ezisukela ku-200 kuya ku-1,500 MPa ngokusekelwe ekuminyaneni kokugcina okufunayo.

Ingxenye "eluhlaza" iya enqubweni ye-sintering ngemva kokuminyana. Lo mjikelezo wokushisa ushisisa ingxenye ibe ngu-820°C endaweni elawulwayo ye-nitrogen ne-hydrogen (imvamisa ngesilinganiso esingu-70:30). Izinga lokushisa lihlala lingaphansi kwendawo yokuncibilika yensimbi kodwa lifinyelela phezulu ngokwanele ukuze libangele ukusakazeka kwesimo esiqinile. Izinhlayiya zensimbi zihlangana ndawonye ezindaweni zokuxhumana phakathi nalesi sigaba esibalulekile futhi zakhe isakhiwo esiqinile kodwa esinezimbotshana esigcina ukuqina kwayo kobukhulu.

 

I-Microstructure ye-Sintered Materials: I-Porosity ngokuklama

Amabheringi e-bronze ayi-Sintered afaka i-porosity yamabomu enenhloso, ngokungafani nezinsimbi eziqinile. Lawa ma-bearings ngokuvamile ane-porosity ephakathi kuka-15% no-25% ngevolumu. Lesi sici sisetha izinto ezisikiwe ngokwehlukana nezinsimbi futhi sithinta izakhiwo zazo zomshini, ezishisayo, nezisebenzayo ngobuningi.

I-microstructure ye-bearing iquketheizimbotshana ezixhumeneokudala inethiwekhi kuyo yonke into. Le nethiwekhi ivumela i-lubricant ukuthi ihambe ngokukhululeka ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sokuthwala. Izici zempushana, ingcindezi yokucinana, nezimo ze-sintering zinquma ubukhulu nokusabalalisa kwalezi zimbotshana. I-porosity ihlala "ivulekile" lapho ilawulwa kahle, okusho ukuthi izimbotshana ziyaxhuma kunokuba zibe khona njengama-voids angawodwa.

I-porosity inciphisa amandla emishini uma iqhathaniswa nezinsimbi eziqinile kodwa yenza lawa ma-bearings abaluleke ngokuvumela ukuzigcoba ngokwakho.^[2]. Onjiniyela bangalungisa iphesenti le-porosity ngokusekelwe kulokho okudingwa uhlelo lokusebenza, bathole ibhalansi elungile phakathi kwezidingo zamandla nokokugcoba.

 

Inqubo Yokufaka Uwoyela: Ukudala Ukuzigcoba

I-bronze bearing enezimbobo idlula ekufakweni kukawoyela ngemva kokucwiliswa. Le nqubo eyisihluthulelo iyenza ibe ingxenye yokuzigcoba. I-bearing ingena emakamelweni e-vacuum lapho umoya ushiya khona izimbotshana ngaphambi kokucwiliswa kuwoyela okhethekile. Amafutha agcwalisa okungenani u-90% wevolumu yembotshana etholakalayo ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-capillary.

I-bearing isebenza ngokusebenzisa indlela yokugcoba eyingqayizivele ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ukushisa okuvela ku-shaft rotation ngokumelene nendawo ethwalayo kwenza uwoyela uphume uphume ezimbotsheni uye ku-bearing-shaft interface. Lokhu kudala ifilimu elincanyana lokugcoba phakathi kwezingxenye ezihambayo. Amafutha abuyela ezimbotsheni ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-capillary lapho i-bearing iphola ngezikhathi zokungenzi lutho, igcina umjikelezo wokugcoba oqhubekayo.^[2].

Ukujikeleza kukawoyela kudala lokho onjiniyela abakubiza ngokuthi "isenzo sokupompa". Izindawo ezilayishiwe zikhipha uwoyela ngesikhathi sokusebenza kuyilapho izindawo ezingalayishiwe ziwumunca. Lokhu kwakha isistimu yokugcoba engapheli esebenza ngaphandle kokulungiswa. Lawa ma-bearings azithambisayo angasebenza ngokuthembekile amahora angu-3,000-5,000 ngaphandle kokudinga ukugcotshwa okwengeziwe.

 

Izinto Ezibalulekile Ezithuthukisa Ukusebenza

Ama-Sintered bearings athola ukusebenza kwawo okuhle kakhulu ezintweni ezibonakalayo eziyingqayizivele ezivela ku-inqubo yokukhiqiza i-powder metallurgy. Lezi zakhiwo zinikeza izingxenye ze-sintered izinzuzo ezinkulu ngaphezu kwezakhi ezijwayelekile noma ezenziwe ngomshini ekusetshenzisweni okuningi.

 

Ukusabalalisa Amandla Okufanayo vs. Izinto Zokusakaza

Inqubo ye-powder metallurgy idala izinzuzo ezingcono zesakhiwo kunezindlela zokuphonsa zendabuko. Izingxenye zokusakaza zivame ukuba nezinkinga ngenxa yokuthi izakhi ze-alloy ezincibilikisiwe azipholi ngokulinganayo. Lokhu kuholela ekuhlukeni kwamandla, ukuminyana, kanye nezakhiwo ezishisayo kuyo yonke into. Umkhiqizo wokugcina ungangcoliswa uma insimbi encibilikisiwe iphendulana nezinto zokutshala imali ngesikhathi sokusakaza.

Izingxenye ze-Sintered zihlukile. Zinokwakheka okulinganayo kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza. Izinhlayiya ze-Metal powder zisakazwa ngokulinganayo ngaphambi kokuhlangana futhi zihlale endaweni ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa. Lokhu kudala i-microstructure enamandla, eqinile, futhi ekwazi ukumelana nokugqokwa kuyo yonke ingxenye.

Inqubo ye-sintering inikeza ukulawula okungcono phezu kwe-microstructure yezinto kunokufoja noma ukusakaza. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izingxenye ze-sintered ezicutshungulwe kahle zingaba namandla izikhathi ezingu-2-10 kunensimbi ekhonjiwe. Amandla angase abe ngaphansi ngenxa ye-porosity, kodwa asakazeka ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke ingxenye. Lokhu kwenza ukusebenza ngaphansi komthwalo kubikezeleke kakhudlwana.

 

Ukuzinza Kwe-Dimensional Ngaphansi Kokuguquguquka Kwezinga Lokushisa

Ama-sintered bearings akhanya ngempela uma kuziwa ekugcineni ukwakheka kwawo emazingeni okushisa ahlukene. Lezi zingxenye zigcina ukubekezelelana okuqinile nokuhlanekezela okuncane ngenxa yendlela yazo yokukhiqiza eyingqayizivele.

Izici ezimbili eziyinhloko zidala lokhu kuzinza. Ama-pores anikeza isikhala sokunwebeka kancane kokushisa ngaphandle kokushintsha ubukhulu bebonke. I-microstructure efanayo futhi iyakhula futhi inkontileka ngokulinganayo kunezinto eziphonsiwe, ezivimbela izindawo eziphikisanayo nengcindezi.

Lokhu kuzinza kusiza kakhulu lapho amazinga okushisa eshintsha ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Amasampula e-aluminium oxide ancipha ngo-17.6% ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa ku-1600°C kodwa asagcina u-98.3% wokuminyana ohlobene nokuhambisana okukhulu kobukhulu. Izingxenye zensimbi zihlala zinembile ngisho noma zishiswe ngaphezu kuka-2500°F (1370°C) .

Ukunemba okungcono kobukhulu kuvela ezithasiselweni ezilawulwayo. I-Silicon nitride engezwe kumasampuli e-boron-modified isiza ukuvimbela ukuhlanekezela okuningi ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa.

 

Gqoka Izimpawu Zokumelana Nezinto Ezivamile

Ungathola ama-sintered ama-sintered emixubeni ehlukene ye-alloy, ngayinye enezici zayo zokungagugi:

Ama-alloys Asekelwe Ngethusi: Njaloithusi elihlanganisiwe(90% yethusi, 10% ithini) imelana nokugqoka kahle futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuphezulu ekusetshenzisweni okuningi. Ukwengeza i-graphite kunhlanganisela ye-copper kuzisiza zisebenze kangcono ngokungqubuzana okuncane futhi zihlale zizinzile kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa amaningi.

I-Bronze ehamba phambili: Lawa ma-alloys ano-14-16% okuhola futhi cishe ngo-20% ngaphansi kwe-tin kune-90-10 yethusi evamile. Bakha ukungqubuzana okuncane futhi bamelane nokuqhaqhazela kangcono uma okokugcoba kwehla. Ukuhlola kufakazela ukuthi lezi zinsiza zingahlala izikhathi ezingu-7-10 ubude kunensimbi egoqiwe ezimeni ezithile (Pv=6-12 MPa·m/sec).

Inhlanganisela yethusi-Iron: Le mikhawulo yejubane yokuhweba ngama-alloy ukuze uthole amandla angcono okucindezela. Basebenza kahle ekushaqekeni nemithwalo esindayo. Ukwengeza u-1.5% wekhabhoni yamahhala kuvumela lezi zinto zokusebenza ukuthi ziphathwe ngokushisa ukuze zifinyelele ubulukhuni be-Rockwell C65, okuzenza zikwazi ukumelana nomthelela.

Ama-Alloys Asekelwe Ensimbi: Lezi zibiza kancane kodwa zisenza ama-bearings amahle, okuzenza zidume ezimotweni. Baphethe amafutha amaningi ngenxa ye-porosity ephakeme futhi bamelana nokugqoka kahle, nakuba benemingcele ephansi ye-PV.

Izinga lokushisa le-sintering lidlala indima enkulu ezindaweni zokugqoka. I-Ultra High-Temperature Sintering (UHTS) ngaphezu kuka-2500°F (1370°C) idala izimbotshana ezincane, ezisabalele kuyo yonke into. Lokhu kwenza izingxenye zibe namandla, ziqine, futhi zimelane nokugqokwa kunezindlela ezijwayelekile zokucwilisa.

 

Ama-Self-Lubricating Sintered Bearings: Indlela Asebenza Ngayo

 

Ama-sintered bearings azigcobayo asebenza ngohlelo lokuthambisa oluyiluphu evaliwe olumangalisayo olusebenza ngaphandle kosizo lwangaphandle. Lezi zingxenye zinakekela ukugcotshwa kwazo ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile ezivumelana nezimo zokusebenza.

 

I-Capillary Action Mechanism

Amandla ama-sintered bearings azigcoba ngokwawo avela esakhiweni sawo esinezimbotshana ezixhumene, esino-10% kuya ku-35% yenani eliphelele lokuthwala. Lezi zimbotshana zakha inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi kuyo yonke into futhi zisebenza njengamachibi kawoyela. Ukugcwaliswa kwangempela kwala ma-void kwenzeka nge-vacuum impregnation, lapho umoya uphuma ezimbotsheni ngaphambi kokuba uwoyela ungene. Izindonga ezinezimbobo zibe sezidonsa futhi zibambe uwoyela ngamandla e-capillary - inqubo efanayo yemvelo eyenza uketshezi lukhuphuke ngokumelene namandla adonsela phansi ezindaweni eziqinile.

Lesi sici se-capillary sidala lokho onjiniyela abakubiza ngokuthi "ukungena ngaphakathi" phezulu kwesendlalelo esishelelayo. Uzobona ukusebenza kokungqubuzana okuphansi nangaphambi kokuba i-bearing ifike endaweni yayo emnandi. I-microstructure isebenza njengesipontshi esigcina futhi sikhiphe okokugcoba njengoba kudingeka kuyo yonke impilo yaso.

 

Ukukhishwa Kwamafutha Ngesikhathi Sokusebenza

I-bearing idedela uwoyela endaweni yayo ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezimbalwa lapho iqala ukusebenza. Ukushisa okubangelwa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-shaft ne-bearing kwenza amafutha anwebe. Lokhu kwandiswa kuphusha amafutha athile aphume ezimbotsheni aye endaweni eshelelayo.

Ukujikeleza kwe-shaft kudala "isenzo sokupompa" ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lesi senzo sikhiqiza izindawo zokucindezela okungalungile kufilimu kawoyela wokugcoba futhi sidonsa amafutha amaningi ukusuka emzimbeni othwalayo ukuya phezulu. Ndawonye, ​​umphumela wokupompa kanye nokwandiswa kokushisa kwakha ifilimu kawoyela evikelayo phakathi kweshaft kanye ne-bearing ukuvimbela ukuthintana kwensimbi kuya kwensimbi.

I-bearing idinga ukunyakaza okujikelezayo ukuze isebenze kahle. Udinga isivinini esikhulu nokujikeleza okuqhubekayo ukuze ugcine ifilimu yokugcoba egcwele endaweni ephethe.

 

Ukumuncwa kabusha Ngesikhathi Semijikelezo Yokupholisa

Umjikelezo wokuzigcoba uyaqhubeka lapho ukujikeleza kuma futhi ukuthwala kuphola. Amafutha amaningi abuyela esakhiweni se-porous ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-capillary njengoba amazinga okushisa ehla. Lokhu kubuyiselwa kabusha kumisa noma yimaphi amafutha ukuthi angakhi noma aconse.

I-bearing idonsa uwoyela owaphoqeleka ukuba aphume ezindaweni ezilayishiwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Lokhu kushintshana okuqhubekayo - uwoyela ophuma ngesikhathi sokusebenza futhi ubuyela phakathi ngesikhathi sokuphumula - kudala umjikelezo wokugcoba ongapheli. Inqubo igcina okokugcoba kusabalele ngokulinganayo endaweni eshelelayo, ngakho ukusebenza kuhlala kuqinile noma ungqimba olushelelayo luwohloka.

 

Amamethrikhi Okusebenza: Izinto ze-PV kanye nemikhawulo yokulayisha

 

Onjiniyela babheka amamethrikhi athile okusebenza ukuze bakhethe ama-sintered bearing afana nezidingo zokusebenza ezihlukile. Lezi zinhlaka zobuchwepheshe zisiza ukunquma imikhawulo yokusebenza ephephile nokuvimbela ukwehluleka kusenesikhathi.

 

Ukuqonda izici ze-PV ekukhetheni i-Bearing

Isici se-PV sidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni ama-sintered bearings. Uyibala ngokuphindaphinda umthwalo wokuthwala (P) ngamaphawundi ngeyintshi yesikwele ngayinye yendawo ebonisiwe yokuzala ngesivinini esingaphezulu (V) ezinyaweni ngomzuzu. Lokhu kusinika inkomba yokushisa okungqubuzanayo endaweni ethwalayo ethinta ngokuqondile ukuthi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani. Amabhereni ajwayelekile anezimbobo ngokuvamile anenani eliphakeme le-PV elingu-50,000. Abakhiqizi batusa ukugcina ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ku-20,000 ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yesevisi ngaphandle kokugcotshwa okwengeziwe. Ama-thrust bearings adinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela okukhulu ngezilinganiso eziphezulu ze-PV ezingu-10,000.

Ubude besikhathi bebhere busebenza ngokuphambene nevelu yayo ye-PV - i-PV ephezulu isho impilo yesevisi emfushane. Kungakho onjiniyela bevame ukukhetha amanani aphansi aphephile e-PV ngesikhathi sokuklama ukwenza izingxenye zihlale isikhathi eside.

 

I-Static vs. Umthamo Womthwalo Onamandla

Ukulayisha okumile kwenzeka lapho izindawo ezithwele zinganyakazi zihlobene. Amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo aba yisici esikhawulelayo esiyinhloko kulezi zimo. Umkhawulo wokulayisha omile ubonisa amandla ashintsha ububanzi bebhere ngesigamu senani lokubekezelela okuvumelekile.

Umthwalo we-Dynamic uhlanganisa ukunyakaza okwehlisa ukuthwala. Ama-sintered bears ngokuvamile anezilinganiso zomthwalo oguqukayo engxenyeni eyodwa kwezintathu yesilinganiso sawo sokulayisha esimile. Lokhu kuncipha okukhulu kubonisa ukuthi ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo kuthinta kanjani izindawo ezithwalayo.

 

Ukukhawulwa Kwesivinini Kwezinto Ezihlukene Ze-Sintered

Ukwakheka ngakunye okuhlanganisiwe kunemikhawulo yesivinini. Izinto ezisuselwe kwi-bronze zikuvumela ukuthi ugijime ngesivinini esiphezulu. Izingoma ezisekelwe ensimbi zihweba ngesivinini esithile ukuze uthole amandla angcono okucindezela. Ama-sintered bearings ajwayelekile avame ukuhamba ngesivinini esiphezulu esingafika kumafithi angu-1000 ngomzuzu.

 

Imithelela Yezinga Lokushisa Emingceleni Yokusebenza

Izinga lokushisa lishintsha kakhulu indlela ama-sintered bearings asebenza ngayo. Amafutha amaningi okugcoba asekelwe kumaminerali asebenza kangcono phakathi kuka-0-80°C. Ukusebenza kwehla ngokushesha ngaphezu kuka-80°C, kwehlela cishe ku-60% wamanani avamile.

Izinga lokushisa liphinde lishintshe indlela amafutha ahamba ngayo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esinezimbotshana. Amazinga okushisa afudumele enza uwoyela unwebe futhi ugeleze kalula usuka ezimbotsheni uye ezindaweni ezithwalayo. Amazinga okushisa abandayo enza uwoyela ushube, okungase kukhawulele ukuthambisa okufanele lapho uqala.

 

Ukuqhathanisa i-Sintered Bearings vs Ball Bearings

 

Onjiniyela badinga ukuqonda umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwama-sintered namabhola ukuze bathole ukusebenza okuphezulu. Lezi zinhlobo ezithwalayo ziza nezinzuzo zazo ezizenza zilungele izindawo ezithile zokusebenza.

 

I-Friction Coefficient Ukuqhathanisa

Ama-ball bearings nama-sintered bearings abonisa izici ezihlukene zokungqubuzana. Ama-coefficients okungqubuzana kwama-ball bearings aphansi, ukusuka ku-0.0008 kuye ku-0.0035 kuye ngohlobo. Ama-Sintered bearings anamanani aphezulu okungqubuzana kodwa ayakha ngawoisakhiwo esifakwe amafuthalokho kubenza bahlale begcobile. I-coefficient ye-friction kuma-sintered bearings ikhuphuka njengoba uwoyela encipha, okuwenza abe yisinqumo esingalungile sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinesivinini esikhulu ngaphandle kokugcotshwa okufanele.

Amabhodi amabhola awukubheja kwakho okuhle kakhulu ukuze unciphise ukulahlekelwa amandla ngoba ayaginqa esikhundleni sokushelela njengamabheringi ane-sintered. Kodwa ama-sintered bearings angaba yinketho engcono ekusebenzeni kokuma nokuhamba. Izinto zabo zokuzithambisa zivimbela izinkinga zokushelela kwezinti ovame ukuzibona kuma-ball bearings angagcotshiwe ngendlela efanele.

 

Izimpawu Zomsindo Nokudlidliza

Ama-sintered bearings agijima athule kunama-ball bears, ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esikhulu. Ama-ball bearings adala umsindo ngoba izakhi zawo ezigingqikayo ziyaxhumana. Amazinga omsindo avame ukwanda njengoba ama-ball bearings efinyelela ekupheleni kwempilo yawo.

Ama-ball bearings athumela ukudlidliza okwengeziwe ngamasistimu emishini. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukudlidliza okuningi kunganciphisa ukuphila kube mfushane futhi kubenze babe nomsindo. Ukunyakaza okuslayidayo kumabheringi ane-sintered kuzisiza ukuthi zimunce ukudlidliza kangcono. Lokhu kubenza babe ukukhetha okuhle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho umsindo udinga ukubekwa phansi.

 

Izidingo Zesondlo: Okuhlelelwe Ukuqhudelana Nokuzinakekela Wena

Izidingo zokulondolozwa kwala ma-bearings zihluke kakhulu. Ama-ball bearings adinga ukugcotshwa njalo ukuze aqhubeke nokusebenza kahle futhi agweme ukwehluleka kusenesikhathi. Ama-sintered bearings agcina uwoyela esakhiweni sawo esinezimbotshana, okudala uhlelo lokuzigcoba oludinga ukulungiswa okuncane.

Udinga ochwepheshe abanekhono ukuze bahlole ama-ball bearings ngezikhathi zesevisi. Ama-sintered bearings ayaqhubeka nokusebenza njengoba eqala ukwehluleka. Ngokuvamile benza imisindo eklabalasayo kunokuba babambe ngokuphelele—ngokungafani nama-ball bearings angase avaleleke ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.

 

Isikhathi Sokuphila Ngaphansi Kwezimo Ezihlukahlukene Zokusebenza

Ama-ball bearings ahlala isikhathi eside ezimeni zejubane eliphezulu nezinomthwalo omkhulu. Indawo yokusebenza idlala indima enkulu ekutheni uhlobo ngalunye lusebenza kahle kanjani. Ama-sintered bearings enza kahle ekusebenzeni okuzinzile, okunesivinini esimaphakathi. Amabhodi amabhola aphatha ukuqalisa nokuhlehlisa imisebenzi kangcono.

Izinga lokushisa lithinta ukuthi zombili izinhlobo ezithwele zihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani. Ama-ball bearings asebenza kahle ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi, eliphezulu neliphansi. Ama-sintered bearings asebenza kahle kakhulu aze afike ku-85°C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, balahlekelwa amandla abo okugcoba ngokushesha.

 

Isiphetho

Ama-sintered bearings amele impumelelo kwezobunjiniyela obuhlanganisa i-powder metallurgy namandla okuzithambisa. Isakhiwo sabo se-porous senza u-10% kuya ku-35% wevolumu ephelele futhi kwakha inethiwekhi yamashaneli axhunyiwe aqinisekisa ukugcotshwa okuqhubekayo.

Lawa ma-bearings asungulayo ahlala azinzile ngokwezinga elithile emazingeni okushisa ahlukene futhi agcina amandla ngokulinganayo kuso sonke isakhiwo sawo. Ngenkathi ama-coefficients awo okungqubuzana edlula lawo amabheringi ebhola, imvelo yawo yokuzithambisa iwenza afanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukugcinwa okuncane nokusebenza okuzinzile.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza incike ekunembeni kwe-metallurgical kanye namazinga okushisa athile okushisa phakathi kuka-800°C no-850°C. Lokhu kudala ama-bearings asebenza ngokuthembekile kumafektha e-PV afika ku-50,000. Ukwakheka kwethusi okujwayelekile okuno-90% wethusi kanye nethini elingu-10% kunikeza isivikelo esihle kakhulu ekugugekeni nasekugqwaleni. Lezi zakhiwo zizenza zibe yigugu kuzilungiselelo zokukhiqiza zevolumu ephezulu.

Onjiniyela bathola izinzuzo ze-sintered bearings ziphoqa. Zisebenza ngokuthula, azidingi ukulungiswa kancane, futhi zisebenza ngokwethembeka ngaphansi kwesivinini esimaphakathi nemithwalo. Kuhlanganiswe nokuzigcoba ngokwakho, lezi zici zizenza ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu uma ukusebenza okungaguquguquki, okungenakunakekelwa kubaluleke ngaphezu kwesivinini esiphezulu noma umthamo wokulayisha.