Manyan masana'antu guda biyar don haɓaka samfuran yumbura na gaba

Masana'antu don motocin lantarki

 

Kasar Sin ta kera tare da sayar da sabbin motocin makamashi miliyan 6.253 da miliyan 6.067, tsakanin watan Janairu zuwa Nuwamba, kusan kashi 100% a duk shekara, tare da kaso 25% na kasuwa, bisa kididdigar baya-bayan nan da kungiyar masu kera motoci ta kasar Sin ta fitar. Tare da haɓaka masana'antu da haɓakar tallace-tallace wanda ya zarce kasuwa a wannan lokacin, sabon shigar da motocin makamashi ya zarce 36% kuma yana ci gaba da haɓakawa. Fasahar motocin lantarki tana ci gaba da haɓakawa, wanda ya hanzarta maye gurbin kayayyaki da kayan aikin sa. Amfani da sabbin motocin lantarki na makamashi ya karɓi cikakkiyar kayan aikin yumbu saboda fa'idodin aikinsu na musamman.

Daga cikin su, HIP silicon nitride ƙwallaye masu ɗaukar ƙwallaye da manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da zafi na silicon nitride substrates suna da yawa.

 

 

01 Kwallan HIP don Silicon Nitride Bearings

Motoci don sababbin motocin makamashi suna buƙatar ƙananan yawa da kuma kwatankwacin ƙarin kayan da ba za su iya jurewa ba saboda yawan jujjuyawansu idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun bearings. A cikin silinda nitride yumbu bearings, ƙwallayen suna haifar da ƙarancin zafi da gogayya a cikin tsarin ɗaukar hoto. Musamman, silicon nitride shine insulator na lantarki wanda ke faruwa a zahiri wanda zai iya hana lalatawar wutar lantarki ɗaukar fitarwa, tsawaita rayuwar man shafawa da bearings, kuma a ƙarshe ya haifar da gazawar ɗaukar nauyi. Ya dace don amfani a sassa daban-daban, gami da motocin lantarki.

 

Gilashin yumbura suna ƙara maye gurbin ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙarfe a cikin shekarun tuƙi na lantarki. Silicon nitride yumbu ball bearings ana amfani da su a cikin gida Xiaopeng P7, G9, Weilai ET7, da sauran model. Misali, mashin fitarwa na injin da Tesla ke amfani da shi yana amfani da bearings yumbu, nau'ikan yumbun bearings ɗin da NSK ta ƙera, da ƙwallaye masu ɗaukar ƙwallo 50 na silicon nitride.

Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) da kuma iskar gas matsa lamba sintering (GPS) su ne shahararrun shirye-shirye dabaru guda biyu don silicon nitride yumbu ball sintering. Waɗannan hanyoyi guda biyu suna samar da ƙwallan yumbu waɗanda ake yawan amfani da su a yawancin saituna. HIP silicon nitride yana ba da ingantattun halaye na inji da tsawon gajiya fiye da nitride silicon nitride GPS.

A halin yanzu, sanannun kamfanoni na kasashen waje suna ci gaba da sarrafa rabon kasuwar kasa da kasa da alkiblar ci gaba, yayin da kamfanoni na Japan, Turai, da Amurka ke ci gaba da mamaye masana'antar kera manyan kayan yumbura. 2015 ya ga kafa National Materials High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd. a cikin ƙasata.

Ya sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin fasaha don samar da ƙwallo mai zafi na silicon nitride yumbura, wanda ya sa ya zama kamfani na farko a kasar Sin da ya kafa yawan samar da waɗannan kayan kuma kamfani na uku gabaɗaya, bayan Toshiba na Japan da Kustec a Amurka. SKF a Sweden, Timken a Amurka, GMN a Jamus, da Forsa a Spain suna cikin ƙasashen da ake jigilar kayayyakin sa. Bugu da ƙari, Sinoceramic Jinsheng da sauransu suna amfani da hanyoyi masu kama da juna don ƙirƙirar ƙwallan silicon nitride tare da ƙarfin lanƙwasa 1000 MPa.

 

 

02 High thermal conductivity silicon nitride yumbu substrate

Silicon nitride yumburayin yumbura galibi ana amfani dashi a cikin rukunin wutar lantarki, na'urorin semiconductor da inverters na motocin lantarki masu tsabta (EV) da motocin lantarki masu haɗaɗɗiya (HEV), kuma suna da babbar damar kasuwa da fatan aikace-aikace.

A halin yanzu, lanƙwasawa ƙarfi na 650 MPa, karaya taurin na 5-7 MPa·m1 / 2, da thermal watsin na 85 W / (m · K) ake bukata domin kasuwanci amfani da high thermal watsin silicon nitride yumbu substrate kayan. Rukunin Toshiba, Hitachi Metals, Nippon Electric Chemical, Maruwa, da Nippon Fine Ceramics sune kamfanoni na farko waɗanda ke da ikon samar da yumbun yumbura mai yawa na silicon nitride tare da haɓakar zafin jiki.

 

Bugu da ƙari, an sami ɗan ci gaba a cikin bincike na gida akan kayan yumbura na silicon nitride. Ta hanyar inganta hanyar sintering da tsari, Cibiyar Nazarin Artificial Crystal Research Co., Ltd. ta Beijing Sinoma Artificial Crystal Research Institute Co., Ltd. ta samu nasarar shirya wani siliki nitride yumbu substrate tare da ƙarfin lanƙwasawa na 700-800MPa, raunin karaya na ≥8MPa·m1/2, da ƙarancin zafin jiki na ≥80W / (m · K). Silicon nitride yumbura mai yumbu wanda Reshen Beijing na Sinoma High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd. ke ƙera ta yin amfani da tsarin simintin tef yana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 100 W/(m·K).

 

Motocin lantarki a halin yanzu suna matsawa kusa da hankali a sakamakon karuwar shaharar sabbin motocin makamashi da haɓaka bayanan wucin gadi (AI). Masu kera motoci kuma sun nuna sha'awar kayan yumbu iri-iri, gami da kayan tattara kayan lidar, birkin yumbu na carbon, MLCC mai ƙarfi, kayan aikin yumbura, da sauransu.

 

Manufacturing na semiconductors

Dokokin masana'antu na "ƙarni na fasaha, ƙarni ɗaya na tsari, ƙarni na kayan aiki" yana jagorantar masana'antar semiconductor, kuma ci gaban fasaha na ɓangaren madaidaicin yana da mahimmanci ga haɓakawa da haɓaka kayan aikin semiconductor. Madaidaicin sassan yumbu sune mafi yawan kayan wakilci don daidaitattun sassan semiconductor a tsakanin su. Ana amfani da su a cikin wasu mahimman hanyoyin masana'antu na semiconductor, gami da etching, shigar da tururin sinadarai, jigon tururin jiki, da sanya ion. kamar makamai masu sarrafa injina, chucks electrostatic, liners, rails, da bearings, da sauransu. Yana yin ayyukan daidaitawa, tsaro, da karkatar da hankali, musamman a cikin rami na kayan aiki.

 

Samar da semiconductor Masana'antar semiconductor tana ƙarƙashin dokar masana'antu na "ƙarni na fasaha, ƙarni ɗaya na tsari, ƙarni na kayan aiki," da haɓaka ingantaccen ɓangaren fasaha suna da mahimmanci ga haɓakawa da haɓaka injinan semiconductor. Daga cikin duk kayan da aka yi amfani da su don daidaitattun sassan semiconductor, ainihin sassan yumbura sune mafi wakilci. Ana amfani da su a cikin etching, shigar da tururin sinadarai, jigilar tururi ta jiki, da sanya ion, a tsakanin sauran mahimman hanyoyin masana'antar semiconductor. irin su bearings, liners, jagorar dogo, electrostatic chucks, da injin sarrafa makamai, don suna. Yana aiki azaman karkatarwa, tsaro, da kwanciyar hankali, musamman a cikin rami na kayan aiki.

 

 

Masana'antar ceton makamashi da kare muhalli

Karkashin jagorancin manufar "dual carbon" na kasa, dukkanin masana'antu suna tasowa sannu a hankali ta hanyar ceton makamashi, rage yawan carbon, rage gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu, da inganta ingantaccen aiki. A karkashin wannan baya, masana'antar yumbu suna fuskantar amfani da makamashi da kuma matsalolin kare muhalli, amma kuma yana kawo sabbin damar ci gaba ga kayan yumbu.

 

 

01 Ceramic membrane

Don maye gurbin fasahar rabuwa ta al'ada ta al'ada, fasahar rabuwar membrane tare da yumbu membrane a cikin jigon sa a halin yanzu ana amfani da shi a matsayin babban tsari na rabuwa a cikin masana'antar sarrafawa da filayen kula da ruwa na musamman don rarrabawa, maida hankali da tsarkakewa, da tsarkakewa da ƙazanta.

Ceramic lebur membrane

Daga cikin su, ana iya tace ruwaye a cikin hadaddun saituna, a raba su, da kuma tsarkake su ta amfani da madaidaicin yumbu lebur. Babban zafin jiki da juriya na matsa lamba, kwanciyar hankali mai ƙarfi na sinadarai, ingantaccen tacewa, ingantaccen dogaro, ƙarancin aiki da ƙimar kulawa, tsawaita rayuwar sabis, da abokantaka na muhalli a duk tsawon rayuwa wasu halayensu ne. An yi amfani da shi sosai tare da inganta shi a cikin wuraren da ake amfani da su na najasa na birni, da rarraba ruwa, maganin baƙar fata da wari, sake amfani da ruwa, da kuma kula da wuraren shakatawa na masana'antu. Ita ce jagorar ci gaba ta farko a fagen manyan ayyuka na yumbu rabuwar membranes kuma yana da fa'ida ta fa'idodin kasuwa.

Tare da maganin ruwa, kula da gurbatar iska a cikin al'ummata kuma yana kan gaba. The muhalli m m ƙasa-karfe oxide tsarin Nano-denitrification mai kara kuzari an ɗora Kwatancen uwa yumbu fiber hadadden membrane abu a matsayin goyon bayan jiki don ƙirƙirar high-zazzabi fiber membrane ga denitrification da kura kau, wani tace kashi tare da hadedde denitrification da kura kura ayyuka da za a iya cimma kai tsaye tsarkakewa na gas a karkashin high zafin jiki yanayi.

 

 

02 Airgel

Babban ci gaban kore da ƙarancin carbon na aerogel, babban abu mai rufe fuska, ya haifar da yuwuwar ci gaban sashin Airgel har zuwa yanzu. Sabuwar fasahar airgel ana sa ran za a haɗa ta tare da haɓakar masana'antar kore don ƙirƙirar ƙarin sabbin aikace-aikacen samfur daidai da yanayin masana'antar kore masu tasowa da sauri.

 

Airgel yana da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙima, ultra-high porosity, ƙananan ƙididdiga, ƙarancin yanayin zafi, ƙarancin ƙarancin sauti da sauran halaye waɗanda ƙaƙƙarfan kayan gabaɗaya basu da su. Waɗannan halaye sun sa ya sami babban tsammanin aikace-aikacen a cikin fagagen rufin thermal, biomedicine, rufin sauti, talla, da sauransu, kuma yuwuwar buƙatun kasuwa yana da girma.

 

 

Masana'antar biomedicine

Za a yi amfani da dasawa da gabobin wucin gadi da yawa a cikin hanyoyin warkewa yayin da al'umma ke haɓaka kuma rayuwar mutane ta inganta. A cikin al'ummata, an dade ana amfani da karafa irin su bakin karfe da na cobalt don warkar da kothopedic da kuma gyara su saboda ingantattun injina da sarrafa su; duk da haka, su biocompatibility ba shi da. Sakamakon haka, kasuwa da bincike don kayan shafa ko bioceramics waɗanda suka fi koshin lafiya kuma sun fi dacewa suna haɓaka cikin sauri.

Saboda su na kwarai karaya tauri da sa juriya, biomedical tukwane kamar Al2O3, ZrO2, ZTA, ZTA, Si3N4, da kuma related hada yumbu kayan da ake akai-akai aiki a tiyata load-hali prostheses, hakori implants, kashi musanyãwa, da dai sauransu Zirconium oxide ne akai-akai amfani da a hakori kyakkyawa kayan, amma ta yi ƙarfi saboda da gilashin restoration saboda da ƙarfi. tukwane. Daga cikin waɗannan, silicon nitride yana haɗuwa da tasirin ƙwayoyin cuta da kaddarorin mai mai da kai, kuma dasa shi yana da kwanciyar hankali na rayuwa na dogon lokaci.

A cikin 2022, girman kasuwar duniya don kayan yumbura ana hasashen zai kai dalar Amurka biliyan 15. A cikin 2022, ana sa ran kasuwar kayan yumbura na likitanci a China za ta kai kusan dalar Amurka biliyan 4.5. Daga cikinsu, yumburan alumina sune mafi rinjaye (kimanin 60%). Silicon nitride yumbura ana amfani da su ne don shigar da orthopedic, yayin da tukwane na zirconia ana amfani da su da farko a likitan hakora.

 

 

Bangaren sararin samaniya

Ceramics akai-akai suna yin fice don aikinsu na musamman a cikin yanayi daban-daban na aikace-aikace masu wahala. Sojoji da masana'antun sararin samaniya sune biyu daga cikin kasuwannin aikace-aikacen da aka fi so don ci-gaban tukwane. "High zafin zafin jiki" da "stealth" sune manyan layukan haɓaka yumbura guda biyu a cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya.

 

Sabbin ƙarni na injunan jiragen sama na soja suna da ƙara buƙatar sabbin kayan aiki masu juriya masu zafi kamar yadda yuwuwar lu'ulu'u guda ɗaya, shingen shinge na thermal, da sanyaya iska mai aiki yana raguwa sannu a hankali. SiC/SiC-CMC ya fito a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan zaɓuɓɓuka don kayan tsari masu juriya mai zafi. An ƙarfafa SiC/SiC-CMC kuma an ƙarfafa shi a babban sashi ta fiber na silicon carbide. Mafi mahimmancin albarkatun kasa na SiC/SiC-CMC shine silicon carbide fiber, wanda ke da juriya na zafin jiki sama da 1200 ° C kuma ya ja hankalin ikon jiragen sama a gasar bincike.

 

 

Yawanci wanda ya ƙunshi matsakaici mai ɗaukar hankali (mai sha) da kayan matrix (wani lokacin da aka sani da ɗaure), abubuwan sha suna daga cikin mafi mahimmancin kayan stealth. Silicon carbide shine sinadari na farko da ake amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar kayan yumbu mai ɗaukar nau'ikan bandeji; inorganic yumbu nanoparticles da inorganic polymer kayan hade don samar da yumbu infrared stealth kayan, wani irin shafi. Domin samar da ingantacciyar hanyar watsar da igiyar wutar lantarki ta lantarki, inorganic yumbu nanoparticles an tarwatsa su daidai a cikin matrix polymer na inorganic kuma ana sarrafa su a hankali.