Sabon Bincike Ya Gano Tushen Likitan Titanium Yayi Tasiri sosai

3D bugu titanium tsari

Idan aka kwatanta da na gargajiya tsari, da abũbuwan amfãni daga 3D bugu da fasaha don kerar keɓaɓɓen tiyata Figures aka yafi nuna a: 3D bugu free forming halaye na iya sauri da kuma daidai siffanta ciki implant, iya shawo kan gargajiya duniya implant siffar ne m tare da jikin mutum da inji Properties ba har zuwa misali matsaloli; A cikin kera hadaddun sifofi da samfuran aiki masu wahala, keɓaɓɓen ƙananan tsarin, musamman porous ta hanyar tsarin, ba wai kawai saduwa da takamaiman kaddarorin jiki da sinadarai ba, amma kuma haɓaka haɓakar biohistocompatibility.

Wannan jerin fa'idodi na iya shawo kan matsalolin gama gari na kariyar danniya da ƙarancin aikin ilimin halitta na implants. A halin yanzu, mafi yawan amfani da 3D bugu titanium alloys shine fasahar SLM da fasahar EBM.

Zaɓin Laser Melting (SLM) yana amfani da Laser azaman tushen zafi don zaɓar kayan foda da aka riga aka yi don cimma saurin narkewa. Babban ka'idar aiki ita ce, a ƙarƙashin yanayin kariyar gas ɗin da ba ta dace ba, kayan aiki da kayan aiki suna sarrafa katako na laser bisa ga hanyar da aka cika ta hanyar tsarin ƙirar tsarin don zaɓar da narke kowane Layer na foda.

Sa'an nan kuma an saukar da dandamali, an sake shimfiɗa foda kuma ana maimaita sintering har sai an yi siffar duka. Kariyar iskar gas da ba ta da ƙarfi tana hana ƙarfe daga amsawa da sauran iskar gas a yanayin zafi. Fasahar SLM tana da fadi da yawa na samar da kayan aiki, adana kayan abu da sake yin amfani da su, ba buƙatar ƙira da shirya tsarin tallafi mai rikitarwa ba, wannan jerin fa'idodin ya sa fasahar SLM ta fi amfani da ita.

Duk da haka, SLM kuma yana da wasu kurakurai: saboda iyakancewar wutar lantarki da kuma duban galvanometer deflection Angle, girman kewayon sassan da SLM ya shirya za a iyakance; Laser masu ƙarfi da kayan aikin gani masu inganci suna da tsada don kera, wanda ke haɓaka nauyin tattalin arziƙin zuwa ɗan lokaci. Saboda yin amfani da kayan foda a cikin fasahar SLM, yanayin yanayin da aka ƙera na iya zama matsala, wanda ke buƙatar sarrafa na biyu na samfurin da za a yi amfani da shi don aiki na gaba; Spheroidization da warping lahani na iya faruwa a cikin tsarin sarrafawa, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin mataki don haɓaka aikin sarrafawa sosai narkewar katako na lantarki, EBM tsari ne da ke amfani da katako na lantarki azaman tushen zafi don narke ƙarfe foda Layer ta Layer a cikin yanayin injin don ƙara masana'anta.

Ka'idar aikinsa ita ce: foda mai rufi da aka rigaya, babban ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi na katako bayan mayar da hankali don samar da makamashi mai girma a cikin ƙananan yanki don duba foda Layer don samar da zafin jiki mai zafi har ma da narke, ta hanyar wutar lantarki ta ci gaba da dubawa don samar da makamashi tsakanin narke pool Fusion da solidification, da alaka a cikin wani layika da kuma planar karfe Layer.

Bayan kammala Layer na yanzu, maimaita aikin shimfida foda don samarwa. A cikin tsarin samarwa, EBM yana ɗaukar yanayin narkewar iska na gaskiya don tabbatar da ƙarfin ƙarfin abu da kuma guje wa oxidation na gami. Idan aka kwatanta da SLM, babban fa'idodin EBM shine: ingantaccen tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na lantarki yana cinye ƙarancin wuta, saurin samarwa yana da girma, ta yadda ainihin ƙarfin injin gabaɗaya ya yi yawa; Juyawa na katako na lantarki baya buƙatar motsa sashin kayan aiki, wanda ya kara inganta saurin dubawa. Kyakkyawan yanayin zafi yana tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na sassa na 3D da aka buga, yana tabbatar da kaddarorin inji, ya dace da buƙatun nazarin halittu, kuma ana iya sake yin amfani da foda na ƙarfe.

Matsayi da ci gaban 3D bugu na tiyata

Matsakaicin tiyata da orthotics tare da bugu na 3D suna da kyakkyawan fata na aikace-aikacen a fagen ilimin osteology. Yanzu ana ƙara ƙara3D bugu kayan dasakamar jin AIDS, gaɓoɓin prosthetic, jagororin aikin tiyata na musamman, haɗin gwiwa na wucin gadi, kunnuwa na wucin gadi, na'urar dasa haƙori na keɓaɓɓen da sauran aikace-aikace a cikin keɓaɓɓen magani na asibiti. A cewar rahotanni, a cikin 2014, masu bincike a jami'ar Peking sun yi nasarar dasa wani yaro mai shekaru 12 tare da wani nau'i na 3D na musamman da aka buga tare da ƙananan ramuka, wanda shine karo na farko a duniya. A cikin wannan shekarar, likitoci da masana kimiyya sun sanya wa wata yarinya 'yar shekara 5 a Scotland da dabino da aka buga na 3D.

Cibiyar Musamman ta Stomatology na Asibitin 411 na Sojojin Yantar da Jama'a sun yi nasarar amfani da fasahar EBM don yin al'ada da dasa mandibular titanium alloy implant tare da keɓaɓɓen simintin jikin ɗan adam don majinyacin resection na hemimaxillary. A yayin aikin, an kammala aikin gyaran magudanar marasa lafiya da na ɗaiɗaikun aikin a lokaci ɗaya, kuma an gyara maɗaurin da ba shi da lahani kuma an sake gina shi. Sakamakon bayan tiyata ya kasance mai gamsarwa. Lethaus B da sauran masu bincike sunyi amfani da fasahar bugawa na 3D don sake gina kasusuwa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin marasa lafiya 20 tare da mandibular resection, wanda ya rage lokacin aiki kuma ya inganta ingancin aiki, kuma sakamakon bayan aiki yana da kyau. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, irin wannan labarai da bincike sun fito a cikin rafi mara iyaka, wanda ke nuna cikakkiyar kyakkyawan yanayin aikace-aikacen bugu na 3D a fagen likitanci.

A gefen samfuran orthopedic, kayan aikin tiyata na 3D da aka buga suma suna motsawa sannu a hankali zuwa tallace-tallace da tallace-tallace. A cikin 2007, kofuna na acetabulum da aka buga na 3D da aka buga tare da tarkacen kyallen takarda wanda kamfanin Italiya Adler Ortho da LIma-LTO suka haɓaka sun wuce takaddun CE. FDA ta amince da samfuran Exactech a cikin 2010. A cikin 2009, na'urar haɗakar jiki ta duk-titanium wanda kamfanin AMT na Amurka ya samar ta amfani da bugu 3D shima ya wuce takardar shedar EU CE. A cikin 2013, samfurin dasa kwanyar kwanyar na farko da aka buga a Amurka ya sami amincewa da FDA, wanda kuma shine farkon keɓaɓɓen 3D da aka buga a duniya.

A kan wannan, a cikin 2014, Kamfanin Oxford na Amurka ya sami izinin FDA don 3D bugu na maxillofacial kasusuwa (yanayin 5IOK). Bugu da kari, an bayar da rahoton cewa, a cikin watan Satumba na shekarar 2015, hukumar kula da ingancin magunguna da magunguna ta jihar ta yi rajistar 3D da aka buga na jikin dan Adam - hadin gwiwa na wucin gadi na wucin gadi da asibitin Beijing na Uku na Magungunan Beijing da Aikang Yicheng Medical Equipment Co., LTD suka kirkira. Haɗin hip ɗin 3D da aka buga ya shiga "matakin samarwa da yawa", wanda ke nufin cewa injinan buga 3D na kasar Sin su ma sun shiga matakin samarwa.

Fasahar bugu ta 3D ta nuna muhimmiyar rawar da take takawa a kimiyyar likitanci da sabbin fasahohi, kuma bincike da aikace-aikace na nau'ikan na'urorin dasa shuki daban-daban, gaɓoɓin prosthetic, dasa hakori da sauran fannoni ma suna da yawa. Don haka, kimantawar biosafety na dasawa da aka shirya ta wannan sabon tsari yana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa.

Bincike akan biosafety na 3D bugu titanium

Amintaccen kayan aikin likitanci yana nunawa a cikin hulɗar tsakanin kyallen takarda da kayan. Don kayan ƙarfe na biomedical don saduwa da ma'auni na na'urorin da aka dasa, dole ne a buƙaci cewa sakamakon da aka samu ta hanyar dasawa a cikin jikin mutum yana cikin matakin da aka yarda da shi, kuma a lokaci guda, ba zai iya haifar da canje-canje masu inganci a cikin tsari da kaddarorin kayan ba. Ma'amalar da ke tsakanin jikin mutum da jikin ɗan adam tana bayyana ne a cikin daidaituwar yanayin halittarta da aikin nazarin halittu.

Don haka, bayan dasa shi a jikin mutum, bai kamata abin da aka dasa ya haifar da munanan halayen kamar rashin lafiyan jiki, kumburi da sinadarai a cikin sel, jini da gabobin jikin mutum ba, ko kin jinin jikin dan adam. Har ila yau, ana buƙatar cewa abubuwan da ake buƙata don dasa su na dogon lokaci dole ne su kasance suna da kyawawan kaddarorin inji, wato, ƙarfin da ya dace, daidaitaccen ma'auni na roba, babban kwanciyar hankali, kyakkyawan juriya na lalata da kuma dorewa. Yanzu aikin tiyata na alloy na titanium ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin aikin asibiti, kuma binciken biocompatibility shima ya girma. Don haka, amincin sassan alloy na titanium da ke da alaƙa da bugu na 3D galibi yana mai da hankali kan amincin aikin sa na biomechanical.

Binciken ko 3D da aka buga na ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana da kwatankwacin samfurori na gaba ɗaya na tsarin gargajiya dangane da kaddarorin inji, juriya na lalata da kuma biocompatibility, da kuma ko wasu daga cikin kaddarorin na'urorin inji na gami na iya saduwa da aikace-aikacen asibiti kuma matakan ƙasa har yanzu suna ci gaba. An gano cewa ɓangarorin ƙwararrun injina na 3D bugu na gyare-gyaren titanium na iya saduwa da buƙatun asibiti. Samfuran Ti6A14V da aka shirya ta hanyar fasaha ta EBM an gwada su ta gwajin tensile kai tsaye da gwajin latsa isostatic mai zafi. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ƙarfin samfuran TI6A14V ya wuce ƙa'idar ƙirƙira.

Juriya na lalata na Co-Cr-Mo gami da fasahar SLM ta shirya ya yi kama da na alloy ɗin da aka shirya ta hanyar al'ada, kuma adadin narkar da ion a cikin yanayin salivary da aka kwaikwayi ya zama ƙasa da bugu na 3D fiye da na kayan aikin gargajiya. Samfurin Ti6A14V wanda fasahar DMLS ta shirya ta kamfanin EOS ya samo shi don samun kaddarorin injina iri ɗaya da juriyar gajiya kamar ƙirƙira ta gargajiya ta hanyar aiki mai ma'ana. The porous titanium alloy vertebrae fusion na'urar da EBM ta shirya an dasa shi cikin jikin akuya kuma ya sami sakamako mai kyau a cikin tsarin haɗin mahaifa na tumaki. Ƙararren kayan aikin kashi ya fi na'urar haɗakarwa ta PEEK kyau.

A asibiti, na roba modulus da sauran inji Properties na titanium gami ba su dace da kaddarorin na mutum kashi, wanda zai kai ga sabon abu na "danniya garkuwa" a cikin na gefe kashi nama na implant da kuma haifar da osteoporosis, haifar da kashi sha, sako-sako da kuma asarar implant da kasawa. Don rage wannan matsala tare da gyare-gyaren titanium, ƙwararrun tsarin da aka kafa sun shiga idanun masu bincike. Yanzu, binciken ya nuna cewa 3D bugu na iya daidaita microstructure na implants tare da babban madaidaici don canza canjin su na roba da kaddarorin injina, don dacewa da naman kasusuwa na mutum da kuma kara inganta ayyukan biomechanical bisa ga tabbatar da nauyin da ya dace.

Tsarin sarrafawa na jikin Ti6AI4V an ƙera shi ta hanyar fasahar ƙirƙira ta EBM, kuma an gano tsarin ɓoyayyiyar ciki ya yi daidai da ƙirar ƙa'idar da ke ƙarƙashin binciken microscopy na lantarki, wanda ya sami ingantaccen iko na EBM akan tsarin samfuran bugu na 3D. Ta hanyar gwajin aikin injiniya, daidaitaccen ƙarfin matsawa shine 163MPa kuma modulus na roba shine 14MPa a 60.1% pore porosity, wanda ke kusa da ƙashin ɗan adam. In vitro cell al'ada kuma ya nuna kyakykyawan dacewa tantanin halitta.

Fasahar EBM ce ta shirya ɓangarorin ɓangarorin ta hanyar inganta sigogin ƙira, kuma an kimanta kayan aikinsu. An gano cewa biomechanics na kayan da aka ƙera na porous yana da babban matsayi a cikin kwaikwaiyo na daidaitawar lokaci da madaidaicin shigarwa. Nau'i uku na titanium porous tare da 300gm, 600gm da 900~tm wanda SLM ya shirya an dasa su cikin tibia zomo don bincika tasirin raƙuman raƙuman ƙashi akan haɓakar ƙashi. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ƙwayar kasusuwa tare da 600 ~ m tsarin porous yana da tsayi mafi kyau da kuma daidaitawa.

Daga ra'ayi na kasusuwa girma, wani scaffold tare da daidaitacce porosity da budewa zai zama mafi m ga watsawa da watsa na gina jiki a cikin jikin mutum, da kuma iya inganta da ikon da kashi girma, ƙara hade da implants da gadaje kasusuwa, da kuma mika da sabis rayuwa na prosthesis, don haka kamar yadda a samu mafi kiwon lafiya effects fiye da m tsarin titanium gami. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Multi-rami titanium gami mataki-mataki ana daukar su zama mafi manufa asibiti sabon wuya nama gyara da kuma sauyawa kayan, da kuma aikace-aikace na 3D buga titanium gami implants tare da daban-daban microscopic Tsarin ko ta Tsarin ya kuma bude wani sabon filin.