Ifu yicyuma Igikoresho

 

Imbogamizi Zisanzwe Mubikoresho Byuma Byuma

 

Ifu yicyuma gishushanya gihura ningorabahizi zikomeye zigira ingaruka kubuzima bwiza bwibikoresho. Izi mbogamizi zerekana niba ibice bizahura nibisobanuro kandi bigakorwa neza.

 

Kwambara ibikoresho bidashyitse: Impamvu no kwirinda

Kwambara ibikoresho bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa byumusaruro hamwe nubwiza bwigice muri powder metallurgie. Ubwoko nyamukuru bwo kwambara burimo kwambara (galling) hamwe no kwambara nabi byangiza igikoresho. Ibikoresho bigomba gukoresha ibihumbi magana byifu yizunguruka. Ibi bitera guhangayika cyane kubikoresho.

Ifu ya metallurgical (P / M) ibyuma bikora neza birwanya izo mbogamizi. Barusha ibyuma bisanzwe ibikoresho nka AISI A2, S7, cyangwa D2 hamwe no kwambara neza no gukomera. Inzira ya P / M ikora uduce duto, twinshi, tuzengurutse karbide zongera imbaraga zo kwihanganira kwambara bidatakaza ubukana bwibyuma. Ubuhanga buhanitse bwo gutwikira nka PVD na CVD burashobora gutuma ibikoresho bimara igihe kinini wongeyeho uburinzi bwo kurinda hamwe n'amavuta meza.

 

Ubucucike Bwinshi Ibibazo mubice bigoye

Ubucucike butandukanyekugeza kuri 3% bibaho mugihe cyo kuzuza ifu. Ibi bigira ingaruka kumiterere nubukorikori. Ibi bibazo birushaho kuba bibi uko kwihanganira no gukenera imitungo byiyongera. Kuvanga ifu mbi, umuvuduko ukabije, hamwe nubunini butandukanye butera ibyo bibazo.

Ubuvanganzo hagati yimiterere kandi irimo ubuso bugira uruhare runini mugukwirakwiza ubucucike. Coefficient de fraisement ihinduka uko ubucucike buzamuka-mubisanzwe bigenda bigabanuka gahoro gahoro. Ihinduka ryimvururu ritera itandukaniro ryumuvuduko bigira ingaruka kumurongo wanyuma, cyane cyane muburyo bugoye.

 

Ibibazo byo Kuringaniza Ibihe Mugihe cyo Gusohora

Ibice bikunze guhura nibibazo bihamye mugihe cyo gucumura no gusohora. Ibice byacumuye birashobora kugabanuka cyane kubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Icyerekezo-gishingiye ku cyerekezo gihinduka bituma igishushanyo mbonera gikomera.

Ubushyuhe butaringaniye butera kwiyongera. Gukonjesha byihuse birashobora gutega imihangayiko ibice. Ongeramo molybdenum ifasha ibice bya ferrous kuguma bihamye mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe. Ibice bigoye hamwe nibice bya cantilevered biracyakorwa neza cyane no kugoreka kubera ubucucike butaringaniye hamwe na capillary imbaraga mugiheAmazi yo mu cyiciro.

Gukora ifu nziza yicyuma gikeneye guhitamo ibikoresho neza, gushushanya ibikoresho byiza, no kugenzura neza inzira kugirango byuzuze ubuziranenge bukomeye.

 

Guhitamo Ibikoresho Kuri Ifu Yihariye Ibyuma Porogaramu

 

Ubwiza bwibice, gukora neza, nigiciro cyo gukora biterwa cyane no guhitamo ibikoresho byiza byo gukoresha ibikoresho byifu. Ihitamo rikeneye gusuzuma ubwoko bwifu, ingano yumusaruro, nimbogamizi zingengo yimari.

 

Ibikoresho by'icyuma Icyiciro cyubwoko butandukanye bwifu

Ifu Metallurgie (P / M) ibyumanibyiza kuruta ibyuma bisanzwe kuko birwanya kwambara neza kandi birakomeye. PM A11 ikorana cyane nifu ya feri kandi iguha kwihanganira kwambara cyane wongeyeho ingaruka zikomeye. PM T15, irimo cobalt, irwanya koroshya ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi ikora neza hamwe nibikoresho byangiza. PM M4 iragaragara kuko karbide ya vanadium itanga imyambarire myinshi hamwe ningaruka nziza zikomeye hamwe nimbaraga zihindagurika.

Ibikoresho bikungahaye kuri vanadium, nka PM60, biratunganye mugukora amavuta akomeye. PM420 niyo ijya guhitamo porogaramu ikunda kwangirika kuko iki gikoresho kinini cya vanadium cyangirika cyangirika cyangiza ifu yibitero neza. Ifu ishingiye kumuringa ikenera ibikoresho byihariye kuva wongeyeho 1% gusa umuringa byongera umusaruro kuri MPa 70-140.

 

Igikoresho cya Carbide Kubyara umusaruro mwinshi

Umusaruro mwinshi wunguka ibikoresho bya karbide kuko ikora neza kuruta ibyuma byihuta. Ibikoresho bya karubide ya Tungsten bigura inshuro ebyiri ibyuma bisanzwe byuma, ariko ubuzima bwabo burambye butuma bashora imari. Ibizamini byo murwego byerekana ko ibivanze bigezweho nka Micro-Melt Maxamet bimara inshuro eshatu kugeza kuri eshanu kurenza ibyuma bisanzwe M2 byinjizwamo mugihe bihinduye ibyuma bitagira umwanda.

Ubukomere budasanzwe bwa Carbide burenze HRC 70 hamwe no kwihanganira kwambara bituma butunganya umusaruro muremure hamwe nimpinduka nke zikoreshwa. Ibikoresho bikenera imashini zikomeye no gufata neza kugirango wirinde kumeneka mugihe cyo gukoresha.

 

Igiciro-Inyungu Isesengura ryibikoresho bya Premium

Ibikoresho by'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bikenera kuringaniza ibiciro byimbere hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gukora. Powder Metallurgie ibika amafaranga kuko ikoresha ingufu nke kandi ikoresha neza ibikoresho bibisi, hamwe nibikoresho 95%.

Premium P / M ibyuma byihuta nka PM32CO hamwe na 8% ya cobalt irashobora kugura byinshi ariko bikamara igihe kinini mubikorwa bikomeye. Ibigo byahinduye ibikoresho bihebuje byabonye imashini yamanutse igabanukaho 33% kandi ibikoresho byabo bimara inshuro eshatu. Igiciro cyo hejuru cyambere cyishyura - ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekana ko gutoranya ibikoresho bikwiye kubikoresho byifu ya powder bigabanya ibiciro byinganda muri rusange 68% ugereranije nuburyo gakondo bwo gutunganya.

 

Ifu Yuma Igikoresho Igikoresho Cyibice

 

Ubwiza bwaifu yicyuma cyo guhuza ibikoreshoshiraho uburyo ibice byanyuma bigenda neza. Ibi bigena niba ibice byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa uyu munsi. Ifu ya metallurgie ibice irashobora kugera kurwego rutangaje. Ibice bimwe byacumuye birashobora kuguma muri ± 0.01 mm kubipimo bya radiyo.

Ibikoresho by'ifu

Kugera Kwihanganirana Binyuze mu Gikoresho Cyiza

Ibice byacumuye mubisanzwe bikura 1-3% nyuma yo gucumura. Imirasire yukuri ya radiyo iguma hagati ya IT8 na IT9. Ingano yubunini ituma uburinganire buringaniye neza kuri byinshi, bugera kuri IT6-IT7. Ibice bito birashobora no gukubita kwihanganira neza nka ± 5 μ m. Ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kuburyo kwihanganira bikora:

• Ibiranga ifu: Ingano yingirakamaro, ikwirakwizwa, nuburyo bumwe uburyo icyatsi kibisi gihuye
• Umuvuduko ukabije: Umuvuduko ukoresha uhindura igice nubucucike
• Ibikoresho no gupfa kwambara: Ibikoresho bishaje bitera ubunini butandukanye
• Ibikoresho: Buri fu igabanuka ku kigero cyayo

Ibikoresho byiza bigomba kugira uburyo bukwiye nibikoresho. Bakeneye gusa hafi ya zeru na microse nziza cyane kugirango bakemure imikazo no guterana amagambo.

 

Ibikoresho Byibikoresho bya Automotive Powertrain Ibigize

Automotive powertrain ibice bikenera gusa kwihanganira gukomeye ushobora kubona. Ifu yicyuma cya tekinoroji ifasha gukora sisitemu yo hejuru yibice bya sisitemu ituma moteri yaka imbere ikora neza kandi yizewe. Ibi bice bigomba kuba bikomeye cyane birwanya kwambara, bikomeye, kandi biremereye.

Abatwara imibumbe, ibice byayobora, hamwe na sisitemu ya feri ikora neza hamwe nibikoresho byifu byifu bikomeza ubunini bwabyo. Imodoka uyumunsi ikoresha ibice birenga 1.000 byifu ya metallurgie. Ibiro bisanzwe kubice byacumuye biri hagati ya 13 na 45.

 

Ibikoresho byo kwa muganga bisabwa

Twakoresheje ibikoresho biocompatible hamwe nibishushanyo bigoye kubikoresho byubuvuzi. Ifu ya metallurgie ifasha gukora ibice bigoye, byabigenewe hamwe nibikoresho byiza bigabanya ingaruka zanduye. Ifu ishingiye kuri Titanium ikora ibikoresho byatewe neza. Zifite ubunini nkamagufwa yabantu ariko ziracyakomeza gukomera numucyo.

Ibikoresho byubuvuzi bigomba gufasha gukora imiterere igoye hamwe nubuso bworoshye. Ibi bikoresho kandi bifasha gukora ibikoresho byubuvuzi byihariye bihuza buri murwayi neza. Ifu ya metallurgie itwemerera gukora ibishushanyo bigoye imashini isanzwe idashobora guhura.

 

Ibitekerezo byubukungu mugutezimbere ibikoresho

 

Intsinzi mu gukora ifu yifu iterwa no gushaka uburinganire bukwiye hagati yikiguzi cyo hejuru nigikorwa cya buri munsi. Ibyemezo byubwenge byubwenge bigira ingaruka kumikorere no kumenya uburyo uru rwego rwihariye rwunguka.

Igikoresho cyambere cyo gushora hamwe nigihe kirekire cyumusaruro

Inganda zikora ifu zikurikiza amategeko shingiro yubukungu:ishoramari ryambere ryibikoreshobiganisha ku kuzigama kwinshi mumuhanda. Ibikoresho bya PM bikenera umusaruro munini gukora kugirango ube mubukungu kuko ibikoresho bihenze kandi bigoye. Isosiyete igomba gukwirakwiza ibiciro kubicuruzwa byinshi, bigatuma PM ihitamo nabi kubice bito.

Ingano yumusaruro ituma PM ihendutse kuruta uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gukora. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ifu ya metallurgie izigama hafi 68% yikiguzi cyose ugereranije nibicuruzwa byakozwe. Ibintu bibiri byingenzi bitera iyi nyungu: inzira ikoresha ingufu nke kandi ikoresha neza ibikoresho fatizo.

Abakora ibinyabiziga mubisanzwe bishyuza gusa ibikoresho byambere byashizweho. Bita kuri ibyo bikoresho mubuzima bwigice. Igishoro cyibikoresho byishyura nubwo nubunini bwumwaka buri munsi nkibice 1.000-2500 mugihe cyo gusimbuza ibyuma byaciwe, kwibagirwa, cyangwa imashini zakozwe.

 

Ingamba zo Kwagura Igikoresho Ubuzima

Gukorakurambaicyanyuma gisaba inzira zingenzi:

• Kugenzura kubyara ubushyuhekuko ubushyuhe bwinshi bwihutisha kwambara
• Tegura impande zikoreshwa nezakwirinda chip zitera kunanirwa hakiri kare
• Koresha impuzu zibereyenka titanium aluminium nitride cyangwa carbide ya vanadium kugirango imare igihe kirekire
• Hindura inzira y'ibikoreshokugabanya imbaraga no gukomeza gusezerana bihamye
• Kugabanya uburebure bwa gagehagati yigikoresho cyanyuma nuwifata kugirango birusheho gukomera

Ibikoresho byiza bitanga ituze, gabanya ibinyeganyega, hamwe nibikorwa byakazi neza. Ibikoresho byiza byibikoresho akenshi bisaba amafaranga make kugirango ubungabunge igihe, nubwo ibiciro biri hejuru.

 

Igihe cyo Gusana na Simbuza Ibikoresho Byambaye

Igihe gikwiye cyo gusimbuza ibikoresho bifasha kubika umwanya numutungo. Ibimenyetso bisobanutse byo kwambara ibikoresho birimo ibisohoka bitaringaniye, urusaku rwinshi, hamwe no kunyeganyega bidasanzwe. Urashobora kubona imikorere igabanuka ukoresheje impande zegeranye, ibice, cyangwa ibimenyetso byaka.

Ibikoresho bikeneye gusimburwa iyo:

• Gukarisha ntibikiri bifasha imikorere
• Gusana bitwara hafi nkibikoresho bishya
• Ibikoresho byangiritse bitera ingaruka z'umutekano

Ibikoresho bibi bituma kugabanuka gukabije no guta ububiko bwinshi. Gukoresha ibikoresho byangiritse bishyira imbaraga kubice byibikoresho nka spindles na bearings. Ibyemezo byo gusimbuza byihuse bihagarika ibyo bibazo kuba bibi.

 

Umwanzuro

 

Ifu yicyuma igikoreshoigira uruhare runini mu kurema ibice byujuje ubuziranenge mu bukungu. Ababikora bahitamo ibikoresho bitonze kugirango bagere kumyambarire myiza kandi iramba, cyane cyane iyo bafite ibikoresho bya P / M bigezweho hamwe na karbide ihari. Iri koranabuhanga ryerekana ubuhanga bwaryo binyuze mu kwihanganira neza, bigatuma rikora neza kubinyabiziga no mubuvuzi.

Imibare ivuga inkuru ishimishije - ifu ya metallurgie igabanya ibiciro kugera kuri 68% ugereranije nuburyo gakondo bwo gukora. Kuzigama biva mugukoresha ingufu nke, kugabanya imyanda yibikoresho, no gufata neza ibikoresho. Igishoro cyawe cyambere cyishyura byihuse binyuze mubuzima bwigihe kirekire nigiciro cyo gukora cyane cyane mubikorwa byinshi.

Itsinda ryacu ryinzobere za powder metallurgie iraguha ikaze kugirango ubaze ibisubizo byizewe kubyo ukeneye byihariye. Intsinzi yo gukora ifu yicyuma iterwa nuburyo bukwiye bwo gushushanya ibikoresho, guhitamo ibikoresho, hamwe nuburyo bwo kubungabunga.

Ubu buryo bwuzuye kubikoresho byifu yububiko byubaka kubuhanga bwa tekinike nubukungu bwubwenge kugirango bateze imbere ubushobozi bwo gukora. Ubuhanga buhanga bwo gukora ibintu bigoye, byuzuye kubiciro byingirakamaro bituma ihitamo neza mubikorwa byinganda bigezweho.

 

Ibibazo

Q1. Ni izihe nyungu nyamukuru zo gukoresha ifu yicyuma mugukora? 

Ibikoresho by'ifu by'ifu bitanga inyungu zingenzi, harimo 15% gukoresha ingufu nke ugereranije nuburyo gakondo, munsi ya 5% kubyara ibisakuzo, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutanga ibice kurwego rwanyuma. Ibi bivamo kuzigama ibiciro, kunoza umusaruro, no kugabanya ibikorwa bya kabiri byo gutunganya.

 

Q2. Nigute guhitamo ibikoresho bigira ingaruka kumashanyarazi ibikoresho?

Guhitamo ibikoresho nibyingenzi mubikorwa byifu ya poro. Ifu ya Metallurgie (P / M) ibyuma bitanga ibikoresho birwanya kwambara no gukomera ugereranije nibyuma bisanzwe. Kubyara umusaruro mwinshi, ibikoresho bya karbide biruta ibyuma byihuta cyane, bitanga ubukana budasanzwe kandi birwanya kwambara nubwo ibiciro byambere byatangiye.

 

Q3. Ni ubuhe bwihangane bushobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe ibikoresho byo guhuza ifu? 

Gukoresha ifu yicyuma gishobora kugera kubyihanganira bidasanzwe. Nyuma yo gucumura no gupima, uburinganire burashobora kugera kuri IT6-IT7, hamwe nuduce duto tugera kubwihanganirana nka ± 5 μ m. Ibipimo bya radiyo birashobora kugenzurwa muri ± 0.01 mm mubice bimwe byacumuye.

 

Q4. Nigute ifu ya metallurgie igereranya ibiciro-nuburyo gakondo bwo gukora?

Ifu ya metallurgie irashobora kuzigama hafi 68% yikiguzi cyose ugereranije nibicuruzwa byakozwe. Iyi mikorere-igiciro iterwa no gukoresha ingufu nke mubikorwa byose no gukoresha neza ibikoresho fatizo. Ariko, birasaba umusaruro munini gukora neza mubukungu kubera ishoramari ryambere ryibikoresho.

 

Q5. Ni izihe ngamba zishobora kwagura ubuzima bw'icyuma cy'ifu? 

Kongera ubuzima bwibikoresho, ababikora barashobora kugenzura ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, gutegura ibikoresho byuburyo bukwiye, gukoresha ibifuniko bikwiye, guhuza inzira yibikoresho, no kugabanya uburebure bwa gage hagati yigikoresho cyanyuma nufite. Gukoresha ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge ibikoresho no gushyira mubikorwa icyiciro cya mbere birashobora kandi kugira uruhare mubuzima burebure no kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga igihe.