Liindasteri tse hlano tse kholo bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea kamoso ea lihlahisoa tsa ceramic
Indasteri ea likoloi tsa motlakase
China e hlahisitse le ho rekisa likoloi tse ncha tsa matla a 6.253 le limilione tse 6.067, ka ho latellana, pakeng tsa January le November, hoo e ka bang 100% selemo le selemo, ka karolo ea 25% ea 'maraka, ho latela lipalo tsa morao-rao tse tsoang ho Mokhatlo oa Chaena oa Baetsi ba Likoloi. Hammoho le kholo ea tlhahiso le thekiso e neng e feta mebaraka ka nako eo, ho kenella ha likoloi tse ncha ho feta 36% mme ho ntse ho nyoloha. Theknoloji ea likoloi tsa motlakase e lula e fetoha, e leng se potlakileng ho nkeloa sebaka ke meralo le lisebelisoa tsa eona. Tšebeliso ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla a motlakase e amohetse ka botlalo lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa ceramic ka lebaka la melemo ea tsona e ikhethang ea ts'ebetso.
Har'a tsona, libolo tsa HIP silicon nitride tse nang le libolo le li-conductivity tse phahameng tsa silicon nitride substrates li atile.
01 Libolo tsa HIP bakeng sa Silicon Nitride Bearings
Li-motor bakeng sa likoloi tse ncha li hloka ho teteana ho tlase le lisebelisoa tse sa senyeheng ka lebaka la litheko tsa tsona tse holimo ha li bapisoa le li-bearings tse tloaelehileng. Ka har'a silicon nitride ceramic bearings, libolo li hlahisa mocheso o fokolang le likhohlano ka har'a sistimi ea ho jara. Haholo-holo, silicon nitride ke insulator ea motlakase ea tlhaho e ka thibelang kutu ea motlakase hore e se ke ea tsoa, ea lelefatsa bophelo ba mafura le li-bearings, 'me qetellong ea baka ho hloleha ho mamella. E loketse ho sebelisoa makaleng a fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa le likoloi tsa motlakase.
Li-ceramic bearings li ntse li nka sebaka sa li-bearings tsa tšepe lilemong tsa ho khanna motlakase. Silicon nitride ceramic ball insulated bearings e sebelisoa malapeng Xiaopeng P7, G9, Weilai ET7, le mefuta e meng. Mohlala, shaft e hlahisoang ke enjene e sebelisoang ke Tesla e sebelisa li-ceramic bearings, hybrid ceramic bearings tse entsoeng ke NSK, le libolo tse nang le libolo tse entsoeng ka libolo tse 50 tsa silicon nitride.
Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) le gas pressure sintering (GPS) ke mekhoa e 'meli e tsebahalang haholo ea ho lokisa silicon nitride ceramic ball sintering. Mekhoa ena e 'meli e hlahisa libolo tsa ceramic tse sebelisoang khafetsa maemong a mangata. HIP silicon nitride e fana ka litšobotsi tse phahameng tsa mochini le bophelo bo bolelele ba mokhathala ho feta GPS silicon nitride.
Hajoale, lifeme tse tsebahalang tsa kantle ho naha li ntse li tsoela pele ho laola karolo ea 'maraka ea machabeng le tataiso ea nts'etsopele, ha likhoebo tsa Majapane, Europe le Amerika li ntse li tsoela pele ho laola tlhahiso ea thepa ea boleng bo holimo ea ceramic. 2015 e bone ho thehoa ha National Materials High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd. naheng ea heso.
e entse tsoelo-pele e kholo ho thekenoloji bakeng sa ho hlahisa libolo tse chesang tsa silicon nitride ceramic tse chesang, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore e be k'hamphani ea pele Chaena ho theha tlhahiso e ngata ea lisebelisoa tsena le khampani ea boraro ka kakaretso, ka mor'a Toshiba Japane le Kustec United States. SKF e Sweden, Timken e US, GMN Jeremane, le Forsa ea Spain ke tse ling tsa linaha tseo lihlahisoa tsa eona li romelloang ho tsona. Ho feta moo, mekhoa e ts'oanang e sebelisoa ke Sinoceramic Jinsheng le ba bang ho theha libolo tsa silicon nitride tse nang le matla a ho kobeha a 1000 MPa.
02 High thermal conductivity silicon nitride ceramic substrate
Li-substrates tsa Silicon nitride ceramic li sebelisoa haholo ho lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor le li-inverters tsa likoloi tse hloekileng tsa motlakase (EV) le likoloi tsa motlakase tse nyalisitsoeng (HEV), 'me li na le menyetla e meholo ea mmaraka le menyetla ea ts'ebeliso.
Hajoale, matla a ho kobeha a 650 MPa, ho tiea ha fracture ea 5-7 MPa·m1/2, le conductivity ea mocheso ea 85 W/(m·K) lia hlokahala bakeng sa tšebeliso ea khoebo ea lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa conductivity tsa silicon nitride ceramic substrate. Sehlopha sa Toshiba, Hitachi Metals, Nippon Electric Chemical, Maruwa, le Nippon Fine Ceramics ke lik'hamphani tse ka sehloohong tse nang le bokhoni ba ho hlahisa li-silicon nitride ceramic substrates tse nang le mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso.
Ho feta moo, ho bile le tsoelo-pele e itseng lipatlisisong tsa malapeng mabapi le lisebelisoa tsa silicon nitride ceramic substrate. Ka ho ntlafatsa mokhoa le ts'ebetso ea sintering, Beijing Sinoma Artificial Crystal Research Institute Co., Ltd. e atlehile ho lokisa silicon nitride ceramic substrate e nang le matla a ho kobeha a 700-800MPa, ho robeha ho thata ho ≥8MPa · m1/2, le conductivity ea mocheso ea ≥80W/(m·K/(m · 80W). The silicon nitride ceramic substrate e entsoeng ke Lekala la Beijing la Sinoma High-Tech Nitride Ceramics Co., Ltd. e sebelisang mokhoa oa ho lahla theipi e na le conductivity ea mocheso ea 100 W / (m·K).
Likoloi tsa motlakase hajoale li ntse li atamela haufi le bohlale ka lebaka la botumo bo ntseng bo eketseha ba likoloi tse ncha tsa matla le nts'etsopele ea bohlale ba maiketsetso (AI). Baetsi ba likoloi ba boetse ba bontšitse thahasello linthong tse fapa-fapaneng tsa ceramic, ho kenyelletsa le lisebelisoa tsa ho paka lidar, li-brake tsa carbon ceramic, MLCC e phahameng, lisebelisoa tsa ceramic thermal conductive, joalo-joalo.
Ho etsoa ha li-semiconductors
Molao oa indasteri oa "moloko o le mong oa thekenoloji, moloko o le mong oa ts'ebetso, moloko o le mong oa lisebelisoa" o laola indasteri ea semiconductor, 'me tsoelo-pele ea karolo e nepahetseng ea theknoloji e bohlokoa ho ntlafatsa le ho pheta-pheta lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor. Likarolo tsa ceramic tse nepahetseng ke lisebelisoa tse emelang ka ho fetesisa bakeng sa likarolo tse nepahetseng tsa semiconductor har'a tsona. Li sebelisoa mekhoeng e mengata ea bohlokoa ea tlhahiso ea semiconductor, ho kenyelletsa etching, ho beha mouoane oa lik'hemik'hale, ho beha mouoane oa 'mele, le ho kenngoa ha ion. joalo ka matsoho a ts'oaroang ka mochini, li-chucks tsa electrostatic, liner, liporo tse tataisang, le li-bearings, hara tse ling. E phetha karolo ea ho tsitsisa, ts'ireletso le tšitiso, haholo-holo ka har'a sebaka sa lisebelisoa.
Tlhahiso ea li-semiconductors Indasteri ea semiconductor e laoloa ke molao oa indasteri oa "moloko o le mong oa theknoloji, moloko o le mong oa ts'ebetso, moloko o le mong oa thepa," 'me ntlafatso ea karolo e nepahetseng ea theknoloji e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa le ho pheta-pheta mechine ea semiconductor. Har'a lisebelisoa tsohle tse sebelisoang bakeng sa likarolo tse nepahetseng tsa semiconductor, likarolo tse nepahetseng tsa ceramic ke tsona tse emelang haholo. Ba hiriloe ho etching, ho beha mouoane oa lik'hemik'hale, ho beha mouoane oa 'mele, le ho kenya ion, har'a mekhoa e meng ea bohlokoa ea ho etsa semiconductor. joalo ka li-bearing, li-liner, liporo tse tataisang, li-chucks tsa electrostatic, le matsoho a ts'oaroang ka mochini, ho bolela tse 'maloa. E sebetsa e le tšitiso, ts'ireletso le botsitso, haholo-holo ka har'a sekoti sa lisebelisoa.
Indasteri ea ho boloka matla le ho sireletsa tikoloho
Tlas'a tataiso ea leano la naha la "dual carbon", liindasteri kaofela li ntse li tsoela pele butle-butle molemong oa ho boloka matla, ho fokotsa khabone, ho fokotsa tšilafalo, le ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso. Tlas'a semelo sena, indasteri ea ceramic e tobane le tšebeliso ea matla le khatello ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, empa e boetse e tlisa menyetla e mecha ea nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa ceramic.
01 Lera la ceramic
E le ho nka sebaka sa theknoloji e tloaelehileng ea karohano ea filthara, theknoloji ea karohano ea membrane e nang le membrane ea ceramic mokokotlong oa eona hona joale e sebelisoa haholo-holo e le mokhoa o phahameng oa karohano lefapheng la ts'ebetso le libaka tse khethehileng tsa phekolo ea metsi bakeng sa karohano ea ho hloekisa, ho tsepamisa mohopolo le ho hloekisa, le ho hloekisa le ho tlosa litšila.
Ceramic flat membrane
Har'a tsona, maro a maemong a rarahaneng a ka tlhotluoa, a aroloa, 'me a hloekisoa ho sebelisoa li-membrane tse sephara tsa ceramic tse sebetsang hantle. Mocheso o phahameng le ho hanyetsa khatello, botsitso bo matla ba lik'hemik'hale, ts'ebetso e phahameng ea ho sefa, ho tšepahala hantle, litšenyehelo tse tlaase tsa ts'ebetso le tlhokomelo, bophelo bo atolositsoeng ba tšebeletso, le botsoalle ba tikoloho nakong eohle ea bophelo ke tse ling tsa litšobotsi tsa bona. E sebelisitsoe haholo le ho khothaletsoa libakeng tsa likhoerekhoere tsa masepala, tlhoekiso ea metsi a ajoang, tlhoekiso ea metsi a matsho le a nkhang hamonate, tšebeliso e ncha ea metsi, le tlhoekiso ea metsi a litšila a lirapeng tsa indasteri. Ke tataiso ea mantlha ea nts'etsopele lefapheng la li-membrane tsa karohano tsa ceramic tse sebetsang hantle tsa machaba 'me e na le menyetla e mengata ea mebaraka.
Hammoho le ho hloekisa metsi, tsamaiso ea tšilafalo ea moea sechabeng sa heso le eona e haufi. Sistimi e sa tloaelehang ea lefatše-metal oxide system nano-denitrification catalyst e laeloa holim'a lisebelisoa tsa membrane ea ceramic e le 'mele oa ts'ehetso ho theha lesela la mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso bakeng sa denitrification le ho tlosa lerōle, sefahla se nang le ts'ebetso e kopaneng ea denitrification le mesebetsi ea ho tlosa lerōle e ka fihlelang tlhoekiso e tobileng ea khase tlas'a maemo a phahameng a mocheso.
02 Airgel
Tsoelo-pele e pharaletseng e tala le ea khabone e tlase ea aerogel, sesebelisoa se sireletsang haholo, se thehile monyetla oa kholo ea lekala la airgel ho fihlela joale. Theknoloji e ncha ea airgel e lebelletsoe ho hokahana le kholo ea tlhahiso e tala ho theha lits'ebetso tse ncha tsa lihlahisoa tse tsamaellanang le tloaelo ea liindasteri tse tala tse ntseng li hola ka potlako.
Airgel e na le density e tlase haholo, Ultra-high porosity, low refractive index, low thermal conductivity, low acoustic impedance le litšobotsi tse ling tseo thepa e tiileng e se nang tsona. Litšobotsi tsena li e etsa hore e be le tebello e ntle ea ts'ebeliso libakeng tsa ho kenya mocheso, biomedicine, ho kenya molumo, adsorption, joalo-joalo, 'me tlhokahalo ea mmaraka e kholo.
Indasteri ea biomedicine
Li-implants le litho tsa maiketsetso tse ntseng li eketseha li tla sebelisoa maemong a kalafo ha sechaba se ntse se hola 'me bophelo ba batho bo ntlafala. Sechabeng sa heso, litšepe tse kang tšepe e sa hloekang le li-alloys tsa cobalt li 'nile tsa sebelisoa ka nako e telele bakeng sa pholiso ea masapo le ho lokisoa ka lebaka la litšoaneleho tsa tsona tse phahameng tsa mechine le taolo; leha ho le joalo, biocompatibility ea bona ea haella. Ka lebaka leo, 'maraka le lipatlisiso tsa lisebelisoa tsa ho roala kapa li-bioceramics tse phetseng hantle le tse tsamaellanang haholoanyane li ntse li hola ka potlako.
Ka lebaka la matla a bona a ikhethang a ho robeha le ho hanyetsa ho apara, li-ceramics tsa biomedical tse kang Al2O3, ZrO2, ZTA, Si3N4, le lisebelisoa tsa ceramic tse amanang le tsona li sebelisoa hangata ho li-prostheses tse jereng moroalo, li-implants tsa meno, li-substitutes tsa masapo, joalo-joalo. Zirconium oxide e sebelisoa khafetsa ka lebaka la lisebelisoa tsa eona tsa khalase, empa ka lebaka la matla a eona a ho tsosolosa meno. Har'a tsena, silicon nitride e kopanya phello ea bactericidal le thepa ea ho itlotsa, 'me ho kenngoa ha eona ho na le botsitso ba nako e telele ba likokoana-hloko.
Ka 2022, boholo ba 'maraka oa lefats'e oa lisebelisoa tsa ceramic tsa bongaka bo hakanngoa hore bo ka ba $15 bilione. Ka 2022, 'maraka oa thepa ea ceramic ea China o lebelletsoe ho ba lidolara tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 4.5. Har'a bona, li-ceramics tsa alumina li etsa boholo ba tsona (hoo e ka bang 60%). Li-ceramics tsa silicon nitride li sebelisoa bakeng sa li-implants tsa masapo, athe zirconia ceramics li sebelisoa haholo ho phekola meno.
Lefapha la lifofane
Li-ceramics li lula li hlahella bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea tsona e ikhethang maemong a fapaneng a thata a ts'ebeliso. Liindasteri tsa sesole le tsa sefofane ke tse peli tsa mebaraka e ratoang haholo ea likopo tsa lirafshoa tse tsoetseng pele. "Ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng" le "stealth" ke mela e 'meli ea mantlha ea ntlafatso ea ceramic indastering ea lifofane.
Moloko o mocha oa lienjineri tsa lifofane tsa sesole o na le tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea lisebelisoa tse ncha tse hanyetsanang le mocheso o phahameng kaha bokhoni ba likristale tse le 'ngoe, liphahlo tse thibelang mocheso, le ho pholisa moea o sebetsang li fokotseha butle-butle. SiC/SiC-CMC e hlahile e le e 'ngoe ea likhetho tse holimo bakeng sa thepa ea sebopeho e hanyetsanang le mocheso o phahameng. SiC/SiC-CMC e matlafatsoa le ho thatafatsoa ka karolo e kholo ke silicon carbide fiber. Thepa ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa e tala bakeng sa SiC/SiC-CMC ke silicon carbide fiber, e nang le khanyetso ea mocheso e ka holimo ho 1200 ° C 'me e hohetse tlhokomelo ea matla a lifofane tlhōlisanong ea lipatlisiso.
Ka tloaelo e na le sehare se monyang (monoang) le matrix (eo ka linako tse ling e tsejoang e le binder), lisebelisoa tse monyang ke tse ling tsa lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoahali tsa bosholu. Silicon carbide ke motsoako o ka sehloohong o sebelisetsoang ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa ceramic tse monyang lihlopha tse ngata; inorganic ceramic nanoparticles le thepa ea inorganic polymer e kopana ho etsa thepa ea tšepe ea ceramic infrared stealth, mofuta oa ho roala. E le ho hlahisa mokhoa o sebetsang oa motlakase oa motlakase oa motlakase oa motlakase, li-nanoparticles tsa inorganic ceramic li qhalakanngoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ka har'a matrix a polymer ea inorganic le ho laoloa ka hloko.