10 izici ezibalulekile ezithinta ukubumba umjovo

1. Ukukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo

Enqubweni yokubumba umjovo we-powder metallurgy, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele kunomthelela obalulekile ekusebenzeni nasezindlekweni zomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ama-alloys okusebenza okuphezulu noma izinto ezikhethekile ngokuvamile zibiza kakhulu ngoba zingase zibe nezindleko zempahla ephakeme noma zidinga izimo ezengeziwe zokucubungula, izinyathelo zokucubungula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto ezikhethekile zingadinga izitifiketi ezithile noma izindinganiso, ezingase futhi zinyuse izindleko. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi badinga ukukala ngokucophelela ukusebenza kwempahla, izindleko kanye nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza ukuze bakhethe izinto ezonga kakhulu nezifanelekile.

Nazi ezimbalwa ezivamileIzinto zokwakha ze-MIM, ihlungwe ngentengo:

1) Insimbi,izinto eziyisisekelo zensimbi ezivame ukusetshenziswa yi-MIM-4605.

2)Insimbi engagqwali:Insimbi engagqwali iyinto evamile ye-MIM enokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kanye nezakhiwo zemishini futhi ifanele ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni eziningi. Intengo yezinto zensimbi engagqwali iphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa, ikakhulukazi izinga eliphezulu lokusebenza kwensimbi engagqwali, i-MIM-304L, i-MIM-316L yensimbi engagqwali noma i-MIM-17-4PH insimbi engagqwali.

3)I-Titanium Alloy:I-Titanium alloy Ti-MIM inamandla amahle kakhulu nokumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokuminyana okuphansi, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-aerospace kanye namadivayisi wezokwelapha nakweminye imikhakha. Kodwa-ke, intengo ye-titanium alloy iphakeme kakhulu futhi iyimpahla ye-MIM ephezulu.

4)Ingxubevange eyenziwe nge-nickel:I-alloy esekelwe ku-nickel inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa nokumelana nokugqwala, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-aerospace, imboni yamakhemikhali, amandla kanye neminye imikhakha. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi nobunzima bokucubungula, intengo iphakeme.

5)Ingxubevange yensimbi:Ingxubevange esekwe ku-iron ingenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ku-MIM. Inezakhiwo ezinhle zokusebenza kanye nokuhleleka futhi ifanele izimboni ezinjengezezimoto, ezogesi kanye nemishini. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-alloys asebenza kakhulu, intengo yama-alloys asekelwe ku-iron ilinganisiwe.

6)I-Tungsten Alloy:Ingxubevange ye-Tungsten inephuzu elincibilikayo eliphakeme kakhulu kanye nokuminyana futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni izingxenye ezisindayo namathuluzi asezingeni eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme ze-tungsten alloy, ngokuvamile isetshenziswa emikhakheni ekhethekile efana ne-aerospace noma ukuzivikela.

2. Ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi

Ubunkimbinkimbi bomklamo wengxenye buthinta ngokuqondile ubunzima kanye nezindleko zenqubo yokukhiqiza. Izingxenye ezinejometri eyinkimbinkimbi, izici ezicashile, noma izimfuneko zokubekezelela okuqinile ngokuvamile zidinga izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezinto zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusetshenziswa kwesikhunta esikhethekile, izinqubo zemishini yezinyathelo eziningi noma ukukhiqiza okude. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi badinga ukucabangela ubunzima bengxenye esigabeni sokuklama futhi benze lula ukuklama ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko.

3. Umthamo wokukhiqiza

Inani lokukhiqiza lingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta izindleko. Ukukhiqizwa kwenani elikhulu kuvame ukuvumela izindleko eziphansi zeyunithi ngoba izindleko ezingaguquki zingasakazwa emikhiqizweni eminingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu kungasebenzisa i-automation futhi kucutshungulwe ukuthuthukiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza zengxenye ngayinye. Ngokuphambene, ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephansi kungase kubangele ingxenye ephezulu yezindleko ezingaguquki, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise izindleko zengxenye ngayinye.

4. Izindleko zesikhunta

Izikhunta ziyimishini esemqoka enqubweni yokubumba umjovo we-powder metallurgy, futhi izindleko zazo zokukhiqiza nokuhlala ziphakeme. Ubunkimbinkimbi besikhunta, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, nempilo yesevisi elindelekile konke kuthinta izindleko zayo. Izibunjwa ezenziwe ngezifiso kakhulu ngokuvamile zidinga izinyathelo eziningi zokuwenza nezinto zekhwalithi ephezulu, ngakho-ke zibiza ngaphezulu. Abakhiqizi ngokuvamile bahlola ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko zesikhunta ngokusekelwe kumthamo wokukhiqiza olindelekile kanye nengxenye yobunkimbinkimbi bese bekhetha inketho yesikhunta efaneleke kakhulu.

Nansi incazelo enemininingwane yezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

1)Ubunkimbinkimbi besikhunta:Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwesikhunta kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta izindleko. Imiklamo yesikhunta eyinkimbinkimbi ingase idinge izinyathelo zokucubungula ezengeziwe kanye namazinga aphezulu obuchwepheshe, okuholela ekwenyukeni okuhambisanayo kwezindleko zokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, isikhunta esinezingxenye eziningi ezingenalutho, iziteshi zangaphakathi, noma izakhiwo ezinhle zizoba yinkimbinkimbi futhi zidinga imishini yokucubungula enembayo ephezulu kanye nemijikelezo yokucubungula emide, okuzokwandisa izindleko zesikhunta.

2) Ukukhetha Okubalulekile: Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwesikhunta nakho kunomthelela obalulekile ezindlekweni. Ezinye izinto eziyisipesheli zinezindleko eziphezulu kodwa zingase zibe nokungagugi kangcono, ukumelana nokugqwala noma ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal futhi zifanele izidingo ezithile zokukhiqiza. Ukukhetha isikhunta esifanele kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kokusebenza kwempahla, ukuqina kanye nezindleko zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zokukhiqiza ziyahlangatshezwa ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko.

3)Ubukhulu Nesisindo Sesikhunta:Ubukhulu nesisindo sesikhunta nakho kuzothinta ngqo izindleko. Isikhunta esikhulu noma esindayo sidinga izinto eziningi kanye nesikhathi eside sokucubungula, ngakho-ke kuzobiza kakhulu ukuzenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhunta esikhulu sidinga imishini emikhulu yokucubungula kanye nezinsiza zabantu ezengeziwe ukuze kuqedelwe umsebenzi wokucubungula, okuzokwandisa izindleko.

4)Ubude bempilo obulindelwe:Isikhathi sokuphila esilindelekile sesikhunta sinomthelela obalulekile ezindlekweni. Uma isikhunta sidinga ukusebenza ngokuzinzile isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulimala noma ukuguga, khona-ke izinto ezihlala isikhathi eside kanye nezinqubo zomshini ezinembile ngokuvamile zidinga ukukhethwa, okuzokwandisa izindleko. Ukwengeza, ezinye izigqoko ezikhethekile ezingagugi noma ukwelashwa kwendawo kungadingeka ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yesikhunta, kodwa lezi zinyathelo ezengeziwe zizonyusa izindleko.

5)Ukuthuthukiswa Kwedizayini Nokuthuthukisa:Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwenza kahle ngesikhathi sesiteji sokuklama isikhunta kungasiza ukunciphisa izindleko. Ngokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwesakhiwo, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa okungadingekile kwempahla, kanye nokwenza lula amasu okucubungula, izindleko zokukhiqiza isikhunta zingancishiswa ngempumelelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-CAD/CAM namathuluzi okuhlaziya ukulingisa kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuklama nokunemba, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise izindleko zokuklama.

6)Inani lezimbobo esikhunjeni

Ngokuya ngobukhulu nesakhiwo somkhiqizo, singenza imigede engama-32. Uma kunezimbotshana zokukhunta, ukwakheka kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi kukhuphuka izindleko zesikhunta.

5.mim izidingo zokubekezelela umkhiqizo

Ukubekezelela kubhekisela ebangeni lokuchezuka elivumelekile losayizi wengxenye nomumo.Imikhiqizo ye-MIMngokuvamile babe nokunemba okuphezulu nokuzinza kwe-dimensional, futhiukubekezelela kwazo okuyisisekelo ngokuvamile kuphakathi kuka-±0.3% no-±0.5%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ubukhulu bengxenye ye-MIM bungase buguquguquke phakathi kokuhlanganisa noma ukususa u-0.3% no-0.5% wezicaciso zedizayini.

Uma inqubo yokukhiqiza idinga ukubekezelelana okunembe kakhudlwana, khona-ke ukukhiqizwa kwesikhunta okunembe kakhudlwana noma ukwenziwa kwemishini eyengeziwe ye-CNC kuyodingeka, kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo okuqinile kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuvamile. Lezi zinyathelo ezengeziwe zizonyusa izindleko zokukhiqiza.

6. Ukwelashwa kwendawo

Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kwengxenye kunomthelela omkhulu ekubukekeni kwayo, ukusebenza nokuqina. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zidinga indawo ebushelelezi ukuze kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana noma ukuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kokugqwala, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zingadinga ukunamathela okukhethekile ukukhulisa ukumelana nokuguga noma ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka. Izindlela ezihlukene zokwelashwa kwendawo zinezindleko ezihlukene, njengokupholisha ngomshini, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ubuchwepheshe bokumboza. Abakhiqizi badinga ukukhetha ukwelashwa kwendawo efanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zengxenye yabo kanye nesabelomali.

1) Ukupholisha:Ukupholisha kuyindlela evamile yokwelapha engaphezulu engenza ingaphezulu lezingxenye ze-MIM libushelelezi futhi lifane, futhi lithuthukise ikhwalithi yalo yokubukeka. Ngokupholisha ngomshini noma ukupholishwa kwamakhemikhali, ukonakala kwendawo kanye nokuba mahhadladla kungasuswa, kunikeze ingxenye engaphezulu isiphetho nokukhanya okungcono.

Eminye imikhiqizo inezidingo eziphezulu kakhulu futhi idinga ukupholishwa kwesibuko. Le nqubo izokwandisa izindleko ezingaphezu kokupholisha okuvamile.

2) Ukuqhunyiswa kwesihlabathi:I-Sandblasting yindlela yokwelapha ingaphezulu lezingxenye ze-MIM ngokufafaza izinhlayiya ezilimazayo ngesivinini esikhulu. Le ndlela yokwelapha engaphezulu ingathuthukisa ikhwalithi yangaphezulu ngokwezinga elithile, yandise ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo, ithuthukise ukunamathela, futhi inikeze ukunamathela okungcono kwezingubo zokumboza noma zokumboza okulandelayo.

3) Ukugqoka:Ukufafaza kuyindlela yokwelapha evame ukusetshenziswa engaphezulu engangeza i-coating yokuzivikela ebusweni beIzingxenye ze-MIMukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nokugqoka. Izinto ezivamile zokumboza isifutho zifaka upende ophikisana nokugqwala, upende wesifutho, upende wesifutho, njll. Izinto zokumboza ezifanele zingakhethwa ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.

4) I-anodizing:I-Anodizing iyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa yokwelapha ngaphezulu, elungele izinto zensimbi ezifana nama-alloys e-aluminium. Ngokwenza ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuqina nokumelana nokugqoka kwezingxenye ze-MIM kungandiswa ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ikhwalithi yazo yokubukeka.

5) Ukucwenga (PVD Plating):I-Plating iyindlela evamile yokwelapha ebusweni engakwazi ukumboza ubuso bezingxenye ze-MIM ngongqimba lwensimbi noma i-alloy coating ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwayo, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nezakhiwo zokuqhuba. Izinto ezivamile zokucwenga zihlanganisa i-nickel, i-chromium, ithusi, i-zinc, njll. Izinto ezifanelekile zokucwenga kanye nezinqubo zingakhethwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezithile.

6) Ukupholisha + Ukucwenga:Kwesinye isikhathi, izingxenye ze-MIM ziyapholishwa kuqala bese ziyapulekwa ukuze zithole ikhwalithi engcono yokubukeka nokubukeka. Le ndlela yokwelashwa kwendawo ehlanganisiwe inganikeza ubuso bengxenye isiphetho esiphezulu nesicwebezelisi, okwandisa ukukhanga kwayo okubonakalayo kanye nomphumela wokuhlobisa.

7. Isikhathi sokuhola sokukhiqiza

Ama-oda aphuthumayo noma izidingo zokulethwa okusheshayo zingase ziphumele ekwenyukeni kwezindleko zokukhiqiza. Izindleko zesikhathi esengeziwe, izindleko zokucubungula ezisheshayo, nezinhlobo ze-supply chain kungakhuphula izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi badinga ukuhlela kusenesikhathi futhi bahlele ngokunengqondo amashejuli okukhiqiza ukuze banciphise izindleko ezengeziwe ezibangelwa ama-oda aphuthumayo.Isikhathi sokuhola sokukhiqiza samafekthri amaningi izinsuku ezingama-30-40. Uma amakhasimende anezidingo ezikhethekile, angathuthukiswa abe yizinsuku eziyi-15-20.

8. Izindinganiso zekhwalithi

Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi kanye nezitifiketi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuhambisana nezidingo ezithile. Nokho, lokhu kungase kudinge ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe, okuhlanganisa ukusungulwa kwesistimu yokuphatha ikhwalithi, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, nokuthengwa kwezinto zokuhlola ikhwalithi. Abakhiqizi badinga ukukala izindleko zamazinga ekhwalithi ngokuqhathanisa nezinzuzo zabo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi zihlala zingabizi ngenkathi behlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende.

Izitifiketi ezivamile zihlanganisaISO90001, kanye ISO/TS 16949

9. Ukufunwa kwemakethe

Izinguquko esidingweni sezimakethe zizothinta intengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukuzinza kwe-supply chain, nezikhathi zokuhola zokukhiqiza. Esimeni lapho kuba khona ukungalingani phakathi kokunikezwayo kanye nesidingo, amanani entengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe angase anyuke, futhi ukuphazamiseka kwe-supply chain kungase kubangele ukukhiqizwa ukuma, kuthinte izindleko. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi badinga ukunaka kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwemakethe futhi balungise ngokuguquguqukayo uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ukuze baphendule ezinguqukweni ezifunwa yimakethe.

10. Ubudlelwano nabaphakeli

Ukusungula ubudlelwano obuhle nabahlinzeki-mpahla kubalulekile ukunciphisa izindleko nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka oluzinzile, ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe okufika ngesikhathi kanye nemibandela yokubambisana evumelana nezimo kungasiza abakhiqizi behlise izindleko zokuthenga nezindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubudlelwano bokubambisana besikhathi eside bungaletha namathuba amaningi okubambisana kanye nokwenzeka kwentuthuko ehlanganyelwe, kuthuthukise ngokwengeziwe izinzuzo zokuncintisana zazo zombili izinhlangothi.

JH MIM, njengengcweti esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nonjiniyela onolwazi obambe iqhaza embonini ye-MIM eChinaiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15, ingahlinzeka ngochwepheshe kakhuluUmbiko we-DFMukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezingokwezifiso zamakhasimende, futhi unikeze amakhasimende iziphakamiso zekhotheshini ezingabizi kakhulu kusukela ekukhetheni izinto zokwakha, ukwakheka kwesikhunta, ukucutshungulwa kwangemuva nezinye izici.

Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo kuyinkimbinkimbi, i-JH ikwenze kube lula - sithumelele uphenyo