mim impahla engagqwali 17-4

I-MIM 17-4 PH Uhlolojikelele

Ngokusekelwe ezingeni le-AISI 17-4 PH, i-MIM 17-4 PH iyinsimbi engenasici eqinile yemvula ye-martensitic. Ihlukaniswa ngenhlanganisela yokumelana nokugqwala kanye nezimfanelo zemishini.

Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-MIM emkhakheni wokubumba umjovo wensimbi yi-17-4 PH yensimbi engagqwali. Le nsimbi inengxube enkulu yokumelana nokugqwala, ubulukhuni, namandla. Izingcezu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinamandla amahle zenziwa zenzeke ngezimfanelo ezihlukile ze-17-4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqina kwesibili kwenziwa ngesikhathi senqubo ye-sintering ngokushintsha imingcele ethile.

Njengoba i-17-4 PH imelana nokugqwala ngokufana no-304L, ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga izakhiwo zokukhanda.

Ukwengeza, i-MIM-17-4 PH ikhonjwa yi-UNS S17400, AISI 630, ASTM A564, AMS 5643, nensimbi engagqwali 17-4 PH.

 

Ukwakhiwa Kwamakhemikhali

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-Stainless Steel 17-4 kubhalwe ngezansi, kunezici kanye namaphesenti azo esisindo ahlukahlukene:

• Insimbi (Fe):Ibhalansi (ingxenye esele)
• I-Nickel (Ni):3.00-5.00%
• I-silicon (Si):1.00%
• Ikhabhoni (C):0.07%
• I-Chromium (Cr):15.50-17.50%
• I-Niobium (Nb):0.15-0.45%
• I-Manganese (Mn):1.00%
• Ithusi (Cu):3.00-5.00%
• Isibabule (S):0.03%

Ukwakheka kuqinisekisa amandla wento, ukumelana nokugqwala, nezinye izakhiwo ezifanele ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni ezahlukahlukene.

I-MIM 17-4 PH insimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile inezimfanelo zomshini ezimbi ngo-10–25% kunokwenziwa okungu-17-4 PH. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

Amaphutha e-Sintering afaka ukungcola kwekhabhoni okuqhubekayo, ama-pores agciniwe, kanye nezinhlamvu.
Ukulahleka kwezakhi okubangelwa ukuhwamuka: Cr, Cu, kanye ne-Ni.
Ukufakwa kokungcola: O, C, kanye no-N.

Ngokuhamba kancane kwe-sintering, isigaba se-cubic austenite esigxile ebusweni siqiniswa yizingxenye zekhabhoni ne-nitrogen. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-cubic delta ferrite egxile emzimbeni izosheshisa ijubane lokucwilisa. Insimbi engagqwali engu-17-4PH ithola ukusabela kwezulu okuholela ekubeni lukhuni okuphezulu namandla, kuyilapho i-delta-ferrite eyinsalela yehlisa amandla. Ukwengeza, i-martensite yenzeka ngesikhathi sokupholisa ngemuva kokucwiliswa.

Ingxenye ebalulekile yemikhiqizo ye-MIM umoya-mpilo. Indawo yokuqala yezimpushana zensimbi engagqwali ehlanganiswe nama-oxides iphezulu, futhi inani le-oxygen liyahlukahluka kuye ngendlela yokukhiqiza impushana. Amazinga aphezulu komoyampilo ezingxenyeni ze-MIM 17-4 PH aholela ekumelaneni nokugqwala okungekuhle nezici zemishini ezingaphansi njengoba lawa ma-oxides azosusa ikhono le-chromium lokuvimbela ukugqwala.

 

Izakhiwo Ezijwayelekile

Indlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokudala izingxenye zensimbi engenasici eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezisebenza kahle kakhulu i-MIM. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, izinga lokushisa, indawo ezungezile, ubude besikhathi sokubamba, nosayizi wezinhlayiyana zempushana konke kuthinta indlela izishisi zensimbi engagqwali ezingu-17-4 PH. Izinto eziningi zinomthelela ekwakhiweni kwengxubevange engu-17-4 PH, ephinde ibe nomthelela ezigabeni zesakhiwo esincane, ukuziphatha kwe-sintering, nezici zokugcina. I-nitrogen evela emkhathini wenqubo, umoya-mpilo ophuma kumpushana noma emkhathini, kanye nekhabhoni ephuma kumpushana noma i-binder yizingxenye eziyinhloko.

 

Ibhalansi efanelekile yamandla, ubulukhuni, nokumelana nokugqwala kwenza u-17-4 PH kube ukukhetha okudumile. Imikhiqizo emikhakheni yezogesi, udokotela wamazinyo, umuthi, kanye ne-aerospace ithola ukuxuba kwezimfanelo kukhanga ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa. ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngokwakhiwa, nezinguquko ku-Fe, Ni, Cu, kanye ne-Cr. Izinga lokushisa le-solidus lizungeze i-1405 ° C, kanti le-liquidius lilinganiselwa ku-1440 ° C. Izimfanelo mechanical zisabela ukwelashwa ukushisa; Ubude bokwephuka busuka ku-8 kuye ku-14%, amandla esivuno asukela ku-760 kuya ku-1240 MPa, amandla e-tensile asukela ku-1000 kuya ku-1340 MPa, futhi ubulukhuni bufinyelela ku-43 HRC.

 

Inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yamandla, ubulukhuni, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwenza i-17-4 PH yensimbi engagqwali kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo embonini yokubumba umjovo wensimbi. Insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic evame ukuba yimvula eqinile ngu-17-4 PH.

• Amandla amakhulu
• Kunzima ngokwedlulele
• Ukumelana kahle nokugqwala
• Ukuqina kwama-fractures
• izici zokwelashwa kokushisa kanye ne-welding

 

Imiphumela ye-Binder kanye ne-Debinding

Ukuze uthole insimbi engagqwali 17-4 PH umjovo ekubumbeni, eziningi binder izinhlelo zisetshenziswa; ethandwa kakhulu i-filler engu-60%, i-backbone engu-30%, ne-surfactant engu-10%.

Ngenxa yokuthi izithako zokuhlanganisa ezisele zizoshintsha amazinga okugcina komoyampilo noma ekhabhoni, ukubopha kunomthelela ezicini zokugcina. I-De-polymerization noma i-solvent extraction yisinyathelo sokuqala sokubopha; isibonelo, i-parafini wax incibilika ku-heptane, futhi i-polythylene glycol incibilika emanzini ashisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nitric acid evuthayo isetshenziswa ekuxhumeni kwe-catalytic ukuze kukhishwe i-polyoxymethylene. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhipha i-binder esigabeni sesibili sokuyikhipha iwukuba uyibambe ku-600 kuya ku-1000°C endaweni ye-hydrogen. Lesi sigaba kwesinye isikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi yisiteji sokuqala sokucula.

 

I-Sintering Parameter Impact

Inani lezinto eziguquguqukayo liyasebenzisana ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa kwensimbi engagqwali 17-4 PH ukuze kuchazwe ukuminyana kokugcina, isigaba, i-microstructure, nezici. Izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko zokuhlaziywa kwezibalo ukwelashwa kokushisa, umoya we-sintering, ukugxila komoyampilo wokuqala, nosayizi wezinhlayiyana.

Izinga lokushisa le-sintering linethonya elikhulu ku-sintered density.

 

Ubukhulu bezinhlayiya

I-surface diffusion inqubo lapho ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiyana zokuqala ngesikhathi sokucwilisa kwenzeka; inhlayiya encane enendawo enkulu kakhulu izoqinisa isibopho sokuqala. I-backbone polymer's particle adhesion izothathelwa indawo yi-surface diffusion bonding uma i-binder pyrolysis seyenzekile. Ukusatshalaliswa komngcele wokusanhlamvu kudinga ukukhula kwentamo njengoba isibopho se-sintering phakathi kwezinhlayiya zensimbi sikhula ukuze kwakhiwe imingcele yokusanhlamvu phakathi kwezinhlayiya. Lapho umngcele wokusanhlamvu ubumba, usayizi wokusanhlamvu udlala indima enkulu ekucwiliseni lapho ukuncipha kuqala, futhi kuba nomthelela ophambene nezinga le-sintering. Kodwa-ke, umthelela wosayizi wokuqala wezinhlayiyana ungaphikisana namazinga okushisa aphezulu noma izikhathi zokubamba ezinde.

 

Umkhathi

Ensimbi engagqwali, izinketho ezijwayelekile ze-sintering zifaka i-vacuum, i-hydrogen, i-nitrogen, i-hydrogen-nitrogen, ne-argon-hydrogen.


Izimo ezimbili ezidume kakhulu ze-sintering zensimbi engagqwali 17-4 PH ziyi-hydrogen ne-vacuum. Kukhona ukwehla okubonakalayo kwe-oxide lapho kufakwa i-carbon. Kokubili i-silicon ne-chromium zingabamba umoya-mpilo ngaphandle kokwengezwa kwekhabhoni yegraphite. Ukuncishiswa kwe-oksijeni kwenzeka lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu nezinga le-hydrogen liphezulu; indawo ephansi yamazolo izoqinisekisa le nqubo. I-oxidation yendawo ebandayo eyenzeka ngemva kokucwiliswa izodala ukunamathela kwe-silicon, insimbi, ne-chromium ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala.

Njenge-stabilizer eqinile ye-austenite, i-nitrogen inomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-martensite kanye nezici zokugcina zensimbi engagqwali. Njengoba iphola, i-nitrogen, encibilika ku-austenite, igxuma njenge-Cr2N. I-chromium endaweni yomngcele wokusanhlamvu izoncishiswa yile mvula, okuzokwenza ukugqwala kwendawo kwenzeke ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele sivimbele i-nitrogen ukuthi ingangeni emkhathini we-sintering futhi sipholise izingxenye ezingaphansi kuka-900 ° C ngesivinini esingu-200 ° C ngomzuzu. ensimbi engagqwali 17-4 PH ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-chromium nitride.

I-graphite iphinde ikhiqize ukucindezela okuncane okuyingxenye ye-carbon monoxide ezithandweni ze-vacuum, yingakho iziko le-graphite vacuum liphumelela ekufakweni kwe-vacuum sintering. Ku-1300°C kanye nokucindezela okuncane kwe-CO okungu-0.001, kungaguqula i-chromium oxide ibe i-chromium.

 

 

Izinga Lokushisa Nokushisa

Imijikelezo ye-sintering ejwayelekile ihlanganisa ukuqeda ukungcola kanye nezinqubo zokutubeka ezihlanganisa ukushisisa nokubamba emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola, izinga lokushisa elifanele lisondele ku-1000°C, kuyilapho ukukhishwa kwe-polymer ekugcineni, lisondele ku-600°C.

Insimbi engagqwali engu-17-4PH ithola i-sintering shrinkage ekuhlolweni kwe-dilatometry ngenani eliphakeme cishe elingu-1250°C, kuyilapho ukuminyana okugcwele (98%) kudinga izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elingu-1300°C. Ikhopha ne-chromium, nokho, zizohwamuka kulawa mazinga okushisa aphezulu, mhlawumbe kubangele ukulahlekelwa ukwelashwa nokumelana nokugqwala.

 

Ukwengeza, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-delta-ferrite kusizwa amazinga okushisa amakhulu; ngokusabalalisa ngokushesha, lesi sigaba sizosiza ekugxiliseni kokugcina. Amakholomu amhlophe e-delta-ferrite nezindawo ezimnyama zezimbotshana eziyindilinga ze-oxide zibonakala kugrafu yesakhiwo esincane esilandelayo se-MIM 17-4PH ku-sintering.

I-microstructure ye-1260 SS17-4 MIM

 

Ukulawula Ikhabhoni

Phakathi nenqubo ye-sintering, i-carbon ingenye i-austenite stabilizer. Amandla aphezulu nobulukhuni kuzozuzwa ngamazinga aphansi agcinwe ekhabhoni okuqukethwe ku-17-4, ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-0.1 wesisindo. Izigaba zensimbi engagqwali 17-4 PH's, ukuminyana, nezici zomshini zonke zizothintwa ukushintsha kokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni.

 

Impushana ye-athomu yenqubo ye-MIM, izinsalela ze-binder, umjikelezo wokubopha, imvelo ye-sintering, ukuqala komoya-mpilo, kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme le-sintering ezinye zezinto eziguquguqukayo ezithinta izinga lekhabhoni. Isicacisi esiyinhloko sokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ekugcineni ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa izinga le-oxygen yokuqala. Isibonelo, u-0.03% wekhabhoni ulahleka ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa kwe-hydrogen ka-17-4 wezimpushana ze-athomu zegesi ku-1343°C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi e-sintering, izinsalela ze-binder nazo zingadala ukungcoliswa kwekhabhoni.

Ku-hydrogen ne-vacuum sintering, amandla aqinile ensimbi engagqwali 17-4 athonywa amanani ekhabhoni agciniwe. Ekwelapheni ukushisa kwe-H900 noma i-H1100, noma ekushiseni okujwayelekile okungu-1300 kuya ku-1360°C. Isithombe esilandelayo sibonisa ukuthi amandla aqinile ehla ngokuphawulekayo njengoba okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kukhuphuka.

 

Ukugcina Isikhathi

Ekushiseni, izikhathi zokubamba ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu ziwela phakathi kwemizuzu engama-60 neyi-120. ukusuka ku-sintered density ngokumelene nezinga lokushisa kanye negrafu yesikhathi elandelayo. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lisuka ku-1240°C liya ku-1360°C, libonisa ukuminyana okuqhubekayo kusuka ku-96.3% kuya ku-98.3%. Ama-sintering compacts athola ukuminyana okuphelele (98%), ngemva kwemizuzu engama-60 yokubamba. I-porosity iyasuswa futhi izinga lokuqothulwa kwezimbotshana liyehla phakathi nalesi sigaba. Ukulahlekelwa kwemingcele yokusanhlamvu kanye nokukhathala kwe-porosity yizimbangela eziyinhloko.

 

Izinzuzo ze-MIM 17-4

Ukumelana okuphezulu nokugqwala
Ukuqina kweminyaka ngenxa yokwelashwa okushisa
Amandla ezimboni kanye nokuqina
Ukumelana okuvelele ekushiseni
Ilungele ijometri eyinkimbinkimbi ye-MIM

 

Izimpawu Zemishini

Ngokuqondene namadivayisi wesakhiwo, i-MIM 17-4 PH isetshenziswa. Izici eziqhathanisekayo eziyintandokazi amandla, ubulukhuni, nobude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhathala, amandla okukhiqiza, nokuqina kokuphuka yizinkinga ezithintwa ukuguquguquka okuningana kokucubungula.

Isithombe esilandelayo sifingqa amapharamitha amaphakathi we-17-4 PH ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezibalo kwamaphrojekthi ambalwa e-MIM. Amapharamitha we-Sintering anesibopho sokucishe kube ngu-60% ukuhluka kwezakhiwo.

 

Ngokwezinga lemboni ye-MIM, insimbi engagqwali engu-17-4 PH kumele ibe namandla amancane aqinile angama-790 MPa, ubulukhuni obungama-27 HRC ngemva kokucwilisa, kanye nobulukhuni be-1070 MPa kanye ne-33 HRC ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa. 4% ubude kuzo zombili. Amandla aqinile ensimbi engagqwali 17-4PH ngemva kwe-1350 ° C sintering kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-H900 yi-1280 MPa ye-gas-atomized powder kanye ne-1136 MPa ye-powder yamanzi-atomized. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-gas atomized powder ingakwazi ukuzuza amandla okushisa aphethwe ukushisa we-1485 MPa nge-9% elongation.

 

Ukumelana Nokugqwala

Izinhlobo ezine zensimbi engagqwali e-sintered (304, 316, 430, kanye no-17-4) zingaphansi kokuhlolwa kokugqwala okujwayelekile ezimeni ezahlukahlukene. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-17-4 iyona ekwazi ukumelana nalezi zimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi izimbotshana ezingxenyeni ze-sintered zibangela ukugqwala kwendawo ngokuhlukaniswa kwe-concentration, into esetshenzisiwe imelana kakhulu nokugqwala kunento e-sintered. I-hydrogen sintering kanye ne-gas atomized powder izindlela ezimbili ezidumile zokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala ngoba umoya-mpilo osalayo uwumphumela.

Ukumelana nokubola nakho kuhlobene ne-biocompatibility. Uma iqhathaniswa ne-titanium ne-cobalt alloys, insimbi engagqwali engu-17-4 PH ine-cytotoxicity enhle kodwa ayinakho ukuncintisana okuphelele kwe-biocompatibility.

 

I-PH Application Market ye-MIM 17-4

Izimfanelo zemishini ezivelele zinikezwa insimbi engagqwali engu-17-4 PH emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-350°C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele kukho kokubili i-vase metal kanye nama-welds, futhi i-warping kanye nokukala kungancishiswa ngokufudumeza ekushiseni okuphansi isikhathi esifushane.

Ngenxa yokugqwala kwayo okuphakeme nokumelana nokushisa, i-aerospace 17-4 insimbi engagqwali iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu sokusetshenziswa kwe-aerospace. Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwempushana kanye nokuminyana kungaqinisekisa impilo yonke yemikhiqizo ye-MIM 17-4 futhi kunciphise ukuguqulwa kwamaphutha.

Izimoto
Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izimoto yinsimbi engagqwali 17-4 ngoba kulula ukuyicubungula ibe yizinhlobonhlobo zomumo. Ngokuhlala isikhathi eside, ubuchwepheshe bokubumba umjovo wensimbi bukhulisa amandla abo ejiyomethri eyinkimbinkimbi.

Amakhasimende
Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokugqwala okukhethekile, i-17-4 isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zabathengi zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-MIM. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla akhethekile nobulukhuni balokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungenaphutha.

Ekuphetheni

I-MIM 17-4 PH yenza izinyathelo ezimangalisayo ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zesakhiwo. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezifanele, inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanganisela ezikhangayo zezakhiwo ze-sintered. Izinga lokushisa le-Sintering liyisicacisi esiyinhloko sezibaluli zokugcina uma siqhathaniswa nohlobo lwempushana, usayizi wezinhlayiyana, ukuminyana okuluhlaza, ubude besikhathi sokubamba, namanye amapharamitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isigaba esikhona ezintweni ze-sintered sithinta izakhiwo ze-sintered.

Okwamanje, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kwe-sintering, ukuminyana kwe-sintered, kanye nokuma kwesigaba konke kuthinta izici. Ngenkathi ukuminyana kwe-sintered kunquma izici, i-Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) iyazithuthukisa.

I-Metal Injection Molding (MIM) iya ngokuya ithuthuka ngensimbi engagqwali engu-17-4 PH. Ukuze unikeze ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-sintered 17-4 PH, i-JHMIM incike kusisekelo sobuchwepheshe be-MIM.