Ibikoresho byubutaka

Ibikoresho bya kijyambere bigezweho nubwoko bushya bwububumbyi bwakozwe kuva mubutaka gakondo bushingiye kumubumbe udasanzwe kandi bufite imiterere yihariye itandukanye nubukorikori gakondo. Yagiye kure yicyerekezo nubunini bwubutaka gakondo. Nibicuruzwa byubuhanga buhanitse kandi bushya. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byubutaka nibintu bya kera kandi bito.

Ibyo bita ibikoresho bya ceramic bigezweho nibikoresho bidafite ingufu. Nimwe mubyiciro bitatu byingenzi byibikoresho bigezweho hamwe nibyuma nibikoresho kama. Nibimenyekanisha muri rusange ibikoresho byose usibye ibikoresho byuma nibikoresho kama. Ikintu cyo kuganiraho muri iki gice ni ibikoresho bya ceramic bigezweho cyangwa ibikoresho bya kijyambere bidafite ingufu.

Ibikoresho bigezweho bya ceramic bifite ibisobanuro bihanitse. Ugereranije nibikoresho gakondo. Ifite ahanini ibintu bitatu bikurikira:

(1) Ukurikije ibisabwa byiterambere rya siyansi nubuhanga bugezweho. Nibicuruzwa byiterambere ryubumenyi nubuhanga bugezweho kandi nibicuruzwa byubuhanga buhanitse.

(2) Igikorwa cyo gukora kiragoye kandi gisaba kuyobora ibyagezweho mubumenyi nubuhanga. Kubwibyo, nibicuruzwa bya tekinike yibanda cyane.

(3) Ifite ibintu byiza kandi bidasanzwe kandi irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa ninganda zubucuruzi n’ikoranabuhanga rishya.

Gutondekanya ibikoresho byubutaka

Hamwe no guteza imbere umusaruro na siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga. Ubwoko bwibikoresho bya ceramic nibicuruzwa byiyongera umunsi kumunsi. Kugirango byoroherezwe gusobanukirwa ibiranga ibikoresho cyangwa ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, mubisanzwe bishyirwa mubice bitandukanye.

1. Gutondekanya ukurikije imiti

(1) Ububiko bwa Oxide. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa ceramique ya oxyde, ifata umwanya wingenzi mumuryango wibumba. Ceramics ikoreshwa cyane ni Al2O3, SiO2, MgO, ZrO3, CeO2, CaO. Cr2O3, mullite (3Al2O3.2SiO4) na spinel (MgAl2O3), nibindi Al2O3 na SiO2 mububumbyi bukoreshwa cyane nkibyuma na aluminiyumu mubikoresho byuma. Ceramics zimwe na zimwe za okiside ziri mu mbonerahamwe 11.1. Silicates nayo iri murwego rwa oxyde. Nka ZrsiO4. Ihamagarwa ryarategereje. Hariho na oxyde igizwe nka BaT, CgyiO; nibindi nabyo biri muriki cyiciro.

Ibikoresho byubutaka bishyirwa mubikorwa byimiti

(2) Carbide ceramics. Ububiko bwa Carbide mubusanzwe bufite aho bushonga kuruta okiside. Ibikoreshwa cyane ni SIC, SC, Phoenix C. TIC nibindi. Carmide ceramics igomba kurinda ikirere mugihe cyo kwitegura.

(3) Hagati yubutaka. Chloride ikoreshwa cyane ni a-ji, ifite imiterere myiza yubukanishi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Mubyongeyeho, ikoreshwa rya TZN, BN, na AI nitride ceramics iragenda ikwirakwira. C3N4, igaragara vuba aha, biteganijwe ko izakora neza kurusha Si3O4.

(4) Ibikoresho bine byimiti. Porogaramu ya boride ceramics ntabwo yagutse cyane. Zikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'inyongera zimbitse cyangwa icyiciro cya kabiri kugirango zongerwe kubindi bikoresho bya ceramic kugirango tunoze imikorere. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa harimo Ti, Zr &, nibindi.

2. Gutondekanya kubikorwa no gukoresha

(1) Ububiko bwububiko. Ububiko bwububiko bukoreshwa nkibikoresho byubaka kugirango bikore ibice byubatswe. Ahanini ukoreshe imiterere yubukanishi. Imbaraga zongerewe imbaraga, ubukana, ubukana, modulus, kwihanganira kwambara, guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru (imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru, guhangana nubushyuhe bwumuriro, kurwanya ablation), nibindi. Nka AjZQ ibuye. 3N4 na ZX ni ibikoresho byububiko byububiko byububiko bifite imiterere yubukanishi.

(2) Ubukorikori bukora. Ubukorikori bukoreshwa bukoreshwa nkibikoresho bikora kugirango bikore ibikoresho bikora, cyane cyane ukoresheje ibintu bifatika nkibintu bya electromagnetique, ibikoresho byumuriro, ibikoresho bya optique, ibinyabuzima, nibindi urugero ferrite. Ububiko bwa ferroelektrike bukoreshwa cyane cyane mumashanyarazi yabo. Ikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho bya electromagnetic, ceramique ya dielectric ikoreshwa mugukora capacator, naho ceramique piezoelectric ikoreshwa mugukora ibyimuka cyangwa ibyuma byerekana ingufu. Ceramics ikomeye ya electrolyte irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora disikete ya ogisijeni ukoresheje uburyo bwo kohereza ion. Bioceramics ikoreshwa mugukora amagufwa yubukorikori n amenyo yubukorikori. Ibikoresho bya superconducting na fibre optique nabyo biri mubyiciro byubutaka bukora.

Birakwiye ko tuvuga ko ibyiciro byavuzwe haruguru nabyo bifitanye isano. Aho kuba byimazeyo, rimwe na rimwe nta mipaka ihamye iri hagati yubutaka bwububiko nubukorikori bukora. Kubikoresho bimwe byubutaka, haribyo byombi. Perazoelectric ceramics. Nubwo ishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nkubukorikori bukora, ifite kandi ibisabwa bimwe mubikoresho byubukanishi, nkimbaraga, ubukana, ubukana, hamwe na moderi ya elastique. Mbere ya byose, igomba kugira imbaraga zihagije zo gukumira ibyangiritse mugihe uhanganye na E imbaraga, kugirango ibiranga piezoelectric rusange bigerweho. Byongeye kandi, nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwububiko bwububiko cyangwa ubukonje bwumuriro hamwe nubutaka bwokwirinda umuriro kubikoresho byogajuru byangiza ubushyuhe, nubwo biri mubyiciro byububiko bwububiko. Nyamara, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro ntabwo bigenwa gusa nimbaraga zacyo, ubukana, hamwe na modulus, ahubwo nubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe na coefficient yo kwagura amashyuza nabyo ni kimwe nubukanishi, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubirwanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro. Kurwanya ruswa nigikorwa cyingenzi cyibumba byubumara (nka pompe irwanya aside), ariko bigomba kuba bifite imiterere yubukanishi kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa ninganda. Ibikoresho birenze urugero biragoye gukora insinga kuko binuze cyane. Kubwibyo, ntishobora kwinjira mubikorwa bifatika. Mu ncamake, yaba ceramique yubatswe cyangwa ceramique ikora, imiterere yubukanishi nibintu byibanze byibikoresho byubutaka. Ni uko imikoreshereze itandukanye ifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kumiterere yubukanishi.

Iki gice kivuga cyane cyane mububiko bwububiko.

Ibyiza byubutaka

1. Ibikorwa biranga ibikoresho byubutaka

Nkuko twese tubizi, imiyoboro yimiti yibikoresho byuma (zahabu nziza cyangwa ibivanze) ahanini ni ibyuma. Zigizwe nicyuma cyiza cya atome nibicu bya electron byuzuye. Inkunga y'icyuma ntigira icyerekezo. Kubwibyo, icyuma gifite imiterere ya plastike nziza. Kubijyanye nubutaka bwirengagiza ibice bitari ibyuma, imiterere yimiti irenze ubuzima nubusabane bwa covalent. Iyi chimie ifite icyerekezo gikomeye nimbaraga nyinshi zihuza. Kubwibyo, biragoye ko ibikoresho byubutaka bigenda bihindagurika. Ubukonje bukabije hamwe no gukomera gukomeye. Ngiyo agatsinsino ka Achilles yibikoresho byubutaka. Ariko mubyukuri kubera ubu bwoko bwimiti yububiko bwububiko bwububiko bufite urukurikirane rwibintu byihariye biruta ibikoresho byuma.

HardUbukomere bukabije bugena uburyo bwiza bwo kwambara;

②Icyerekezo kinini cya flame. Yemeje ko ifite ubushyuhe budasanzwe;

Imiti ihamye. Igena ko ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa.

Nubwo ibikoresho byubutaka bifite ibyiza byiza cyane. Ariko, ibibi byica-ubugome-bigabanya imikorere yayo nibikorwa bifatika. Kubwibyo, gukaza umurego wibumba byahindutse ingingo yibanze mubijyanye nubushakashatsi bwibikoresho byubutaka bikurura isi yose (reba gukomera kwagace k’ibumba kugirango ubone ibisobanuro birambuye).

2. Kugereranya hagati yubutaka bugezweho (buteye imbere) nubutaka gakondo

Ubukorikori bugezweho ugereranije nubutaka gakondo. Hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mubigize ibikoresho fatizo, inzira yo gutegura, imiterere yubuyobozi n'imikorere.

Itandukaniro hagati yubukorikori gakondo nubutaka bugezweho