Icuma ni iki?

Gucumura ibyuma, cyangwa gusobanukirwa "icyo gucumura ibyuma", bikubiyemo gushyushya ibikoresho byifu kugirango bikore ibintu bikomeye utabishongesheje. Ubu buryo bushya nibyingenzi mubikorwa bigezweho kuko byongera cyane ibintu bifatika.

• Sisitemu yihuta yo gucumura yorohereza umusaruro wihuse wuburyo bugoye, kunoza imikorere.
• Kwishyira hamwe hamwe ninganda ziyongera zitanga ubunyangamugayo budasanzwe nibisobanuro byibyuma.
• Kwagura ibikoresho byagutse byongera ubwoko bwibyuma byakoreshwa, gufungura imiryango kubikorwa bishya byinganda.
• Ubuso bunoze burangiza bugabanya ibikenewe nyuma yo gutunganywa, nibyingenzi kubicuruzwa byibanda kuburanga.

Kurugero, icyuma cyumuringa cyacumuye gikomeza amavuta kubera ubukana bwacyo, mugihe icyuma cyungurujwe kitagira ingese cyihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije. Iterambere ryerekana ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibyuma muburyo bwihariye.

Ibyingenzi

• Icumaihindura ifu mubintu bikomeye hamwe nubushyuhe nigitutu. Itezimbere imbaraga zumubiri zidashonga ifu.
• Ubu buryo bufasha gukora imiterere irambuye no kugabanya imyanda. Nibyiza kandi byiza kubidukikije.
• Inganda nyinshi nkimodoka nindege zikoresha gucumura. Cyakora ibice bikomeye byagenewe gukoreshwa bidasanzwe.

Gukora ibyuma ni iki kandi bikora gute?

Gutegura ifu nibigize

Intambwe yambere mugucumura ibyuma birimo gutegura ifu yicyuma. Iki cyiciro kigena ibicuruzwa byanyuma, kubwibyo rero birakomeye. Ababikora bakoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora ifu, nka atomisation, electrolysis, hamwe nibikorwa bya shimi. Atomisiyonike ikora neza cyane mubyuma nka fer, umuringa, na aluminium, kuko itanga ibice byiza, bimwe. Ku rundi ruhande, Electrolysis, nibyiza kubutare bwera cyane nkumuringa.

Ifu imaze kuremwa, ihujwe ninyongeramusaruro nka lubricants kugirango bitezimbere kandi byemeze uburinganire. Ibihimbano bisanzwe birimo ibyuma, nikel, umuringa, hamwe nicyuma kidafite ingese. Kurugero, ibyuma-umuringa bivangwa bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byimodoka kubera imbaraga zabo no kwambara birwanya. Gutegura neza byemeza ko ifu yiteguye kurwego rukurikira: guhuza.

Gukomatanya ifu

Gucomeka bihindura ifu irekuye "icyatsi kibisi," ishusho ikomeye ifata hamwe mbere yo gucumura. Gupfa gukanda nuburyo busanzwe, aho imashini zikoresha imashini cyangwa hydraulic zikoresha igitutu kugirango zibe ishusho yifuza. Kubice bisaba ibisobanuro bihanitse, gukonjesha isostatike ikonje ikoresha igitutu kimwe kiva impande zose, kugabanya inenge.

Ibibazo nkubwinshi butandukanye cyangwa kwambara ibikoresho birashobora kuvuka mugihe cyo guhuza. Kugira ngo bikemuke, ababikora batezimbere ibipimo nkumuvuduko kandi bagakoresha ibikoresho birwanya kwambara. Guhuza neza byemeza icyatsi kibisi gifite ubucucike bukenewe hamwe nuburinganire bwuburyo bwo gucumura.

Gushyushya no gucumura

Igikorwa cyo gucumura gitangirana no gushyushya ifu yometse mu ziko kugeza ubushyuhe buri munsi yacyo. Iyi ntambwe ikubiyemo uturere twinshi: gusiba gukuraho amavuta, gucumura guhuza ibice binyuze mu gukwirakwiza atome, no gukonjesha gushimangira imiterere. Ubushyuhe busanzwe buri hagati ya 750 ° C kugeza 1.500 ° C, bitewe nibikoresho. Kurugero, zirconi isaba ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hafi 1.500 ° C, kugirango igere ku bwinshi.

Mugihe cyo gucumura, ibice bihuza, bigabanya ubukana no kongera imbaraga. Ubu buryo butezimbere imitungo nkimbaraga zingutu ningaruka zikomeye, bigatuma biba ngombwa mubikorwa nkindege nindege. Kurangiza iki cyiciro, compact ihinduka mubintu biramba, bikomeye byiteguye gukoreshwa.

Ibikoresho nubwoko bwibikorwa byo gucumura

Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mugucumura ibyuma

Mugihe cyo gutoranya ibikoresho byo gucumura ibyuma, burigihe ntekereza kubintu byabo nibisabwa. Bimwe mubikoresho bikoreshwa cyane harimo:

• Ibyuma bitagira umwanda, bizwiho kurwanya ruswa.
• Umuringa ushingiye ku muringa, uhabwa agaciro kubera amashanyarazi meza cyane.
• Icyuma, nikel, n'umuringa, bitandukanye kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye.
• Ibyuma by'agaciro nka feza na zahabu, akenshigucumura kumitakokubera ubwiza bwabo.

Kubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane muyungurura no gukoresha imiti,ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe nifu yumuringani byiza. Ibi bikoresho byerekana uburyo bwo gucumura ibyuma mugukemura ibibazo bitandukanye byinganda.

Icyaha gikomeye

Icyaha gikomeye-gishingiye ku gukwirakwiza atome ku bice bitarinze gukora icyiciro cyamazi. Ubu buryo bukora neza kubikoresho nkicyuma, umuringa, nubutaka nka alumina na zirconi. Ibi bikoresho byerekana imbaraga nyinshi, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, hamwe n’imiti irwanya imiti.

Nahisemo gucumura-leta ikomeye kubworoshye bwayo. Ntabwo isaba ibikoresho bya kabiri kandi igera kubucucike bwinshi mubikoresho bikwiye. Ariko, irasaba ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi ugereranije nubundi buryo.

Icyiciro cyamazi

Icyiciro cya Liquid sintera itangiza ibintu-bishonga-ingingo yibintu bigize icyiciro cyamazi mugihe cyibikorwa. Aya mazi yuzuza imyenge kandi yongerera imbaraga. Ikora ku bushyuhe buke, igabanya gukoresha ingufu.

Ubu buryo nibyiza kubutaka bwateye imbere, ibikoresho byo gukata, hamwe nibikoresho birinda kwambara. Kurugero, ibikoresho bya tungsten karbide byunguka mumikoreshereze yimashini igerwaho binyuze mumazi ya feri. Ariko, irashobora kwinjiza umwanda bitewe nibikoresho bya kabiri.

Gutera plasma

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) igaragara cyane kubushyuhe bwihuse hamwe nigitutu cyumuvuduko ukoresheje amashanyarazi menshi. Iyi nzira igabanya ibihe byizunguruka kandi igabanya ubushyuhe bukabije, ikiza ingufu.

Ndabona SPS itandukanye cyane. Irashobora gutunganya ibyuma-bishonga-byuma na ultra-yohejuru-yubushyuhe bwubutaka hamwe nibisobanuro. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo kugenzura ibipimo bitanga umusaruro ushimishije, bigatuma uhitamo gukora mubikorwa byiterambere.

Ibyiza, porogaramu, nibitandukaniro byo gushonga

Inyungu zo gucumura ibyuma

Gucumura ibyuma bitanga inyungu nyinshi murwego rwo gushonga gakondo.

1. Igishushanyo mbonera: Gucumura bifasha kurema imiterere itoroshye hamwe na geometrike igoye kugerwaho hamwe na casting.
2. Gukoresha ibikoresho: Inzira igabanya imyanda muguhuza ifu muburyo bwuzuye, bigatuma iramba.
3. Byukuri: Ibice byacumuye bigera kubyihanganirana cyane bitewe nubuhanga bugenzurwa.

Ndabona gucumura bifite agaciro cyane mubikorwa byinshi. Igabanya imyanda yibikoresho kandi ikuraho ibikenewe mubikorwa byisumbuyeho, bigabanya ibiciro. Byongeye kandi, iterambere nka tekinoroji yoherezwa mu kirere bigira uruhare mu kubungabunga ibidukikije mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no gukoresha ingufu.

Porogaramu mu nganda

Gucumura ibyuma bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa bitandukanye. Ubwinshi bwayo butuma ababikora bakora ibice bifite imitungo yihariye ijyanye nibisabwa.

Kurugero, mumirenge yimodoka, ibyuma byacumuye hamwe nibikoresho bitanga imbaraga nyinshi kandi birwanya kwambara. Mu kirere, ibice byoroheje byoroheje byongera imikorere mugihe bikomeza kuramba. Izi porogaramu zerekana ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibyuma mubikorwa bya kijyambere.

Ukuntu gucumura bitandukanye no gushonga

Gucumura no gushonga biratandukanyeshingiro mubikorwa byabo nibisubizo. Gucumura bikusanya ibikoresho ukoresheje ubushyuhe nigitutu utageze aho ushonga, mugihe gushonga birimo ibikoresho byo gushyushya kugeza bihiye.

• Gucumura bibaho mubushyuhe buke, bigatuma bikoresha ingufu nyinshi.
• Igabanya ubukana kandi ikongera ibintu bifatika nkimbaraga nubushobozi.
• Gushonga kurundi ruhande, nibyiza muguhindura ibyuma no guta ibice binini nka moteri ya moteri.

Nkunze gusaba gucumura kubisabwa bisaba neza kandi neza. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuzamura imitungo idashonga ibikoresho bituma ihitamo neza inganda zikora neza.

Gucumura ibyuma bihindura ibikoresho byifu mubice bikomeye binyuze mubushyuhe nigitutu, bitanga ibisobanuro bitagereranywa kandi neza. Porogaramu zayo zikoresha inganda nko mu kirere, ibinyabiziga, n'ubuvuzi. Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza, nk'ibikoresho bya Silicon Carbide hamwe no gucumura ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, byizeza kongera ingufu, kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ndetse n’inganda zirambye. Ibi bishya bizasobanura ubumenyi bwibikoresho n’umusaruro w’inganda.

Ibibazo

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo gucumura no gucapa 3D?

Gucumura ikoresha ubushyuhe nigitutu cyo guhuza ibikoresho byifu, mugihe icapiro rya 3D ryubaka ibintu kumurongo. Nkunze guhuza byombi kubintu bisobanutse kandi biramba.

Icyaha gishobora gukoreshwa mubikoresho bitari ibyuma?

Yego,gucumura bikora kubutaka, polymers, hamwe nibigize. Ndabigusaba kubisaba imbaraga zisaba imbaraga nyinshi, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, cyangwa imiti irwanya ibikoresho bitari ibyuma.

Nigute porosity igira ingaruka mubice byacumuye?

Ubwoba bugira ingaruka ku mbaraga, ubucucike, n'imikorere. Kurugero, Nkoresha umuringa ushizwemo umuringa wo kwisiga, mugihe ibice byacumuye byuzuye bikwiranye nuburyo bukoreshwa.