Uyilo lweSixhobo seNsimbi somgubo

 

Imingeni eqhelekileyo kuYilo lweZixhobo zeNsimbi zePowder

 

Uyilo lwesixhobo sesinyithi somgubo lujongene nemingeni emininzi enzima echaphazela umgangatho wenxalenye kunye nobomi besixhobo. Le mingeni imisela ukuba icandelo liya kuhlangabezana nenkcazo kwaye lisebenze ngokuthembekileyo.

 

Ukunxiba kweSixhobo sangaphambi kwexesha: oonobangela kunye noThintelo

Ukunxitywa kwezixhobo kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wenxalenye kwimetalurgy yomgubo. Iindidi eziphambili zokunxiba zibandakanya ukuncamathelisa (i-galling) kunye ne-abrasive wear eyonakalisa umphezulu wesixhobo. Izixhobo kufuneka zibambe amakhulu amawaka emijikelo yomgubo wokudibanisa. Oku kudala uxinzelelo olukhulu kwizixhobo zokusebenza.

Iintsimbi ze-Powder metallurgical (P / M) zisebenza kakuhle ngokuchasene nale mingeni. Bagqithisa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zentsimbi ezifana ne-AISI A2, i-S7, okanye i-D2 ngokuxhathisa okungcono kunye nokuqina. Inkqubo ye-P / M idala amaqhekeza amancinci, afanayo, ajikelezayo e-carbide akhuthaza ukuxhatshazwa kwe-abrasive ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yintsimbi. Ubuchwephesha bokugquma obukwinqanaba eliphezulu njenge-PVD kunye ne-CVD zinokwenza izixhobo zihlale ixesha elide ngokongeza umaleko okhuselayo womphezulu one-lubricity engcono.

 

Imiba yoMahluko woXinano kwiiNdawo eziNxibelele

Ukwahluka koxinzeleloukuya kuthi ga kwi-3% yenzeke ngexesha lokuzaliswa komgubo. Oku kuchaphazela iimpawu zoomatshini kunye nokuchaneka. Ezi ngxaki ziba mbi ngakumbi njengoko ukunyamezela kunye neemfuno zepropathi yoomatshini zisanda. Ukuxubana komgubo ombi, uxinzelelo olungalinganiyo lokuxinana, kunye nobukhulu bamasuntswana ahlukeneyo bubangela le miba.

Ukruthakruthwano phakathi komphezulu obambeneyo kunye nequlathe umgangatho udlala indima ebalulekileyo kusasazo loxinaniso. I-coefficient ye-friction iyatshintsha njengoko ukuxinana kunyuka-ngokuqhelekileyo ukwehla ngokuthe ngcembe kunye noxinano oluphezulu. Olu tshintsho lutshintshayo ludala iiyantlukwano zoxinzelelo ezichaphazela iipateni zoxinaniso lokugqibela, ngakumbi kwiimilo ezintsonkothileyo.

 

Iingxaki zokuzinza kweDimensional Ngexesha lokukhutshwa

Amalungu ahlala ejongana nemiba yozinzo ngexesha le-sintering kunye ne-ejection. Amalungu e-Sintered angacutheka ngakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Utshintsho oluxhomekeke kumkhombandlela lwenza uqikelelo loyilo lube nzima.

Amaqondo obushushu obungalinganiyo akhokelela ekuxinaniseni okungahambelaniyo. Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kunokubamba uxinzelelo kwiindawo. Ukongeza i-molybdenum inceda amacandelo e-ferrous ahlale ezinzileyo ngexesha lonyango lobushushu. Amalungu antsonkothileyo anamacandelo e-cantilevered awakajongani kakuhle nokugqwetheka ngenxa yoxinzelelo olungalinganiyo kunye namandla e-capillary ngexesha.ulwelo-kwisigaba sintering.

Ukwenza izinto ezisemgangathweni zomgubo wentsimbi kufuna ukukhetha izinto ngononophelo, uyilo olungcono lwesixhobo, kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lwenkqubo ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho enzima yobulunga.

 

UKhetho lweMathiriyeli kwizicelo zeMetal yePowder eziKhethekileyo

 

Umgangatho wamacandelo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunye neendleko zokuvelisa kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekukhetheni izinto ezifanelekileyo zesixhobo sesinyithi somgubo. Olu khetho kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo iintlobo zomgubo, umthamo wemveliso, kunye nemiqobo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.

 

Isixhobo samaBanga eNtsimbi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zePowder

Powder Metallurgy (P / M) izixhobo zentsimbizingcono kuneentsimbi eziqhelekileyo kuba zixhathisa ukunxiba ngcono kwaye zomelele. I-PM A11 isebenza kakuhle nge-iron-based powders kwaye ikunika ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kakhulu kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo elungileyo. I-PM T15, equkethe i-cobalt, ixhathisa ukuthambisa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kwaye isebenza kakuhle ngezinto ezixubileyo. I-PM M4 igqamile ngenxa yokuba i-vanadium carbides yayo ibonelela ngokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo elungileyo kunye namandla okugoba.

Izixhobo ezityebileyo kwi-vanadium, njenge-PM60, zigqibelele ukwenza ama-alloys anamandla aphezulu. I-PM420 iyona nto ikhethwayo kwizicelo ezinomhlwa ngenxa yokuba esi sixhobo se-vanadium-resistant corrosion-resistant sisixhobo sokuphatha kakuhle i-powders enobudlova. Iipowders ezisekwe kwiCopper zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kuba ukongeza nje i-1% yobhedu inyusa amandla esivuno nge-70-140 MPa.

 

I-Carbide Tooling yeMveliso yeVolume ephezulu

Inzuzo yokuvelisa umthamo ophezulu kwi-carbide tooling kuba yenza ngcono kunentsimbi ephezulu. Izixhobo ze-tungsten carbide zibiza ngokuphindwe kabini kwiinketho zensimbi eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ubomi babo benkonzo ende bubenza bafanelekele utyalo-mali. Iimvavanyo zentsimi zibonisa ukuba i-alloys eziphambili ezifana ne-Micro-Melt Maxamet zihlala ixesha elide kathathu ukuya kahlanu kunokufakwa kwentsimbi eqhelekileyo ye-M2 xa ujika insimbi engenasici.

Ubulukhuni obukhethekileyo beCarbide obungaphezulu kwe-HRC 70 kunye nokunganyangeki okungaphezulu kokunxiba kuyenza igqibelele kwimveliso ende kunye notshintsho lwezixhobo ezimbalwa. Izinto eziphathekayo zifuna oomatshini abangqongqo kakhulu kunye nokuphathwa ngononophelo ukuphepha ukuphulwa ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.

 

Uhlalutyo lweNdleko-yeNzuzo yeZixhobo zePrimiyamu

Izixhobo zeprimiyamu zezixhobo zidinga ibhalansi phakathi kweendleko zangaphambili kunye neendleko zemveliso yexesha elide. I-Powder Metallurgy yonga imali kuba isebenzisa amandla amancinci kwaye isebenzisa ngcono izinto eziluhlaza, malunga ne-95% yokusetyenziswa kwezinto.

Iintsimbi zePremium yeP/M ezinesantya esiphezulu ezifana ne-PM32CO enomxholo we-cobalt we-8% zinokuxabisa ngaphezulu ngaphambili kodwa zihlala ixesha elide kwizicelo ezinzima. Iinkampani ezitshintshela kwizinto zeprimiyamu zabona ixesha lokuncipha komatshini lehla ngama-33% kwaye izixhobo zabo zahlala ixesha eliphindwe kathathu. Iindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili zihlawula - izifundo zetyala zibonisa ukuba ukuchola imathiriyeli efanelekileyo yesixhobo sesinyithi somgubo kunciphisa iindleko zokwenziwa kwemveliso ngama-68% xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli zoomatshini.

 

Isixhobo sePowder Metal Compaction for Parts Precision

 

Umgangatho weisixhobo sokudibanisa isinyithi somguboimilo ukuba amalungu okugqibela ajika abe mahle kangakanani. Oku kugqiba ukuba amacandelo ayahlangabezana neemfuno zanamhlanje ezingqongqo zobungakanani. Amalungu e-metallurgy yomgubo anokufikelela kumanqanaba achanekileyo achanekileyo. Amanye amacandelo e-sintered angahlala ngaphakathi kwe-±0.01 mm kwimilinganiselo yawo yeradial.

Isixhobo sesinyithi somgubo

Ukufezekisa ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo ngokuYilwa kweSixhobo esiLungileyo

Amalungu e-Sintered ahlala ekhula nge-1-3% emva kokucoca. Ukuchaneka kweradial dimensional kuhlala phakathi kwe-IT8 kunye ne-IT9. Inkqubo yokulinganisa yenza ukuchaneka kwedimensional kube ngcono ngokuninzi, ukufikelela kwi-IT6-IT7. Amalungu amancinci angade abethe ukunyamezela ngokuthe ngqo njenge ± 5 μm. Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela indlela unyamezelo olusebenza ngayo:

• Iimpawu zomgubo: Ubungakanani besuntswana, unikezelo, kunye nokufana kwemilo ukuba i-compact eluhlaza ihambelana kangakanani
• Uxinzelelo loxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo olusebenzisayo lutshintsha ukuxinana kunye nefom
• Ukunxiba izixhobo kunye nokufa: Izixhobo ezigugayo zibangela ukungafani kobungakanani
• Ukuqulunqwa kwezinto: Umgubo ngamnye ucutheka ngesantya sawo

Izixhobo ezisemgangathweni kufuneka zibe nokusekwa okufanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo. Bakwafuna nje ucocilelo olukufutshane no-zero kunye nokugqibezela kakuhle kakhulu ukujongana noxinzelelo kunye nokungqubana.

 

IiNgqwalaselo zeSixhobo kwiZixhobo ze-Automotive Powertrain

Amalungu e-Automotive powertrain adla ngokufuna nje ukunyamezelana okungqongqo onokukufumana. Itekhnoloji yentsimbi yomgubo inceda ukwenza iindawo zenkqubo yexesha elichanekileyo ezigcina iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi zisebenza kakuhle nangokuthembekileyo. La malungu kufuneka aqine kakhulu ngokuchasene nokunxiba, omelele, kwaye abe khaphukhaphu.

Abathwali beplanethi, iindawo zokuqhuba, kunye neenkqubo zokuqhobosha zisebenza ngcono ngesixhobo sesinyithi esichanekileyo esigcina ubungakanani bazo buzinzile. Iimoto namhlanje zisebenzisa ngaphezulu kwe-1,000 yomgubo wentsimbi. Ubunzima obuqhelekileyo beendawo ezifakwe emanzini zivela kwi-13 ukuya kwi-45 kg.

 

IiMfuno zeSixhobo sezoNyango

Sisebenzise izinto ezihambelana nebhayoloji kunye noyilo oluntsokothileyo lwezixhobo zonyango. I-metallurgy yomgubo inceda ukwenza iindawo ezintsonkothileyo, ezesiqhelo ezinemathiriyeli esulungekileyo ethoba umngcipheko wongcoliseko. Iipowders ezisekwe kwi-Titanium zenza imathiriyeli egqibeleleyo yokufakelwa. Baxinene njengethambo lomntu kodwa bahlala bomelele kwaye belula.

Izixhobo zonyango kufuneka zincede ekudaleni iimilo ezinzima ezinemigangatho egudileyo. Ezi zixhobo zikwanceda ukwenza izixhobo zonyango zesiko ezihambelana nesigulane ngasinye ngokugqibeleleyo. I-metallurgy yomgubo isenza ukuba senze uyilo oluntsonkothileyo olungenakuhambelana nomatshini oqhelekileyo.

 

Iingqwalasela zoQoqosho kuPhuhliso lweZixhobo

 

Impumelelo kwimveliso yesinyithi yomgubo ixhomekeke ekufumaneni ibhalansi elungileyo phakathi kweendleko zangaphambili kunye neendleko zokusebenza zemihla ngemihla. Izigqibo zokusebenzisa izixhobo ezihlakaniphileyo zichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kwaye zigqibe ukuba le ntsimi ikhethekileyo ingaba nengeniso kangakanani.

Utyalo-mali lweSixhobo sokuQala ngokuchasene neeNdleko zeMveliso zeXesha elide

Ishishini lesinyithi somgubo lilandela umthetho osisiseko wezoqoqosho:utyalo-mali oluphezulu lwezixhobo zokuqalakukhokelela kugcino olukhulu endleleni. I-PM tooling idinga ukuqhuba imveliso enkulu ukuze isebenze ngokwemali kuba izixhobo zibiza kwaye zinzima. Iinkampani kufuneka zisasaze ezi ndleko kwiimveliso ezininzi, okwenza ukuba i-PM ibe yinto engalunganga kwiibhetshi ezincinci.

Imiqulu yemveliso yenza i-PM ifikeleleke kakhulu kuneendlela zokuvelisa zemveli. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba umgubo wesinyithi wonga malunga ne-68% yeendleko zizonke xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso zoomatshini. Izinto ezimbini eziphambili zidala le nzuzo: inkqubo isebenzisa amandla amancinci kwaye isebenzisa ngcono izinto ezikrwada.

Abenzi becandelo lezemoto badla ngokuhlawulisa kuphela iseti yesixhobo sokuqala. Bazikhathalela ezo zixhobo kubomi bemveliso yenxalenye. Utyalo-mali lwezixhobo luhlawula nokuba imithamo yonyaka ephantsi njenge-1,000-2,500 yamaqhekeza xa utshintsha iigiya zentsimbi ezisikiweyo, i-forgings, okanye i-casting castings.

 

Ubuchule bokwandiswa koBomi besixhobo

Ukwenzaixesha elide isixhoboOkokugqibela kufuna iindlela ezininzi eziphambili:

• Lawula ukuveliswa kobushushukuba ubushushu obuninzi bukhawuleza ukunxiba
• Lungisa imiphetho yesixhobo ngokufanelekileyoukuphepha iitshiphusi ezibangela ukusilela kwangoko
• Faka iingubo ezifanelekileyonjenge-titanium aluminium nitride okanye i-vanadium carbide ukuba ihlale ixesha elide
• Lungiselela iindlela zesixhoboukunciphisa amandla kunye nokugcina uthethathethwano luzinzile
• Nciphisa ubude begejiphakathi kwesiphelo sesixhobo kunye nesibambi ukwenza kube ngqongqo ngakumbi

Izilungiso ezisemgangathweni zibonelela ngozinzo, zinciphisa ii-vibrations, kunye nokubeka iindawo zokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Iimathiriyeli ezingcono zesixhobo zihlala zibiza kancinci ukuzigcina ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngaphandle kwamaxabiso aphezulu.

 

Ukulungiswa nini xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo ezigugileyo

Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutshintshwa kwezixhobo kunceda ukugcina ixesha kunye nezixhobo. Iimpawu ezicacileyo zokunxitywa kwesixhobo ziquka ukuphuma kokungalingani, ingxolo ephezulu, kunye nokungcangcazela okungaqhelekanga. Unokubona ukwehla kokusebenza ngemiphetho engqukuva, iintanda, okanye amanqaku atshisayo.

Izixhobo zifuna ukutshintshwa xa:

• Ukulola akusancedi ukusebenza
• Ukulungisa kubiza phantse njengezixhobo ezitsha
• Izixhobo ezonakalisiweyo zidala umngcipheko wokhuseleko

Izixhobo ezingalunganga zenza ukusikwa kakubi kwaye zichithe isitokhwe ngakumbi. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezonakalisiweyo kubeka uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwiindawo zezixhobo ezifana ne-spindles kunye neebheringi. Izigqibo ezikhawulezayo zokutshintsha ezi zinqanda ezi ngxaki ukuba zibe mandundu.

 

Ukuqukumbela

 

Uyilo lwezixhobo zentsimbi yomguboidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudaleni iindawo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngokwezoqoqosho. Abavelisi bakhetha izinto eziphathekayo ngokucokisekileyo ukuze bafezekise ukuchasana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo kunye nokuqina, ngakumbi xa beqhubela phambili izixhobo ze-P / M kunye nezinketho ze-carbide ezikhoyo. Le teknoloji ibonisa ukuguquguquka kwayo ngokusebenzisa ukunyamezela okuchanekileyo, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwiimoto kunye nezicelo zonyango.

Amanani abalisa ibali elinyanzelisayo - umgubo wesinyithi unciphisa iindleko ukuya kuthi ga kwi-68% xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokwenziwa kwemveli. Olu londolozo luvela ekusebenziseni amandla amancinci, ukunciphisa inkcitho yezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo ezihlakaniphile. Utyalo-mali lwakho lokuqala luhlawula ngokukhawuleza kubomi besixhobo obude kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza, ngakumbi kwimveliso ephezulu.

Iqela lethu leengcali zomgubo wesinyithi liyakwamkela ukuba ubuze malunga nokufumana izisombululo ezithembekileyo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile. Impumelelo kwimveliso yesinyithi yomgubo ixhomekeke kwindibaniselwano echanekileyo yoyilo lwezixhobo, ukukhetha izinto eziphathekayo, kunye nezicwangciso zokulondoloza.

Le ndlela ipheleleyo yoyilo lwezixhobo zesinyithi yomgubo yakhela kubuchwephesha bobugcisa kunye noqoqosho olukrelekrele ukutyhalela phambili izakhono zokuvelisa. Ubuchule betekhnoloji bokuvelisa izinto ezintsonkothileyo, ezichanekileyo ngeendleko ezifanelekileyo zenza kube lolona khetho luphezulu kwizicelo zale mihla zemizi-mveliso.

 

Ii-FAQs

Q1. Ziziphi iingenelo eziphambili zesixhobo sesinyithi somgubo kwimveliso? 

Isixhobo sesinyithi somgubo sibonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla angaphantsi kwe-15% xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zendabuko, ngaphantsi kwe-5% yokuvelisa i-scrap, kunye nokukwazi ukuvelisa iinxalenye okanye kufuphi nemilinganiselo yokugqibela. Oku kubangela ukongiwa kweendleko, uphuculo lwemveliso, kunye nokunciphisa imisebenzi yomatshini yesibini.

 

Q2. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kuchaphazela njani ukusebenza kwesixhobo sesinyithi somgubo?

Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwesixhobo sesinyithi somgubo. Iintsimbi ze-Powder Metallurgy (P / M) zinika ukuxhatshazwa okuphezulu kunye nokuqina xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi eziqhelekileyo. Ukuvelisa umthamo ophezulu, i-carbide tooling idlula i-high-speed steel, inika ubunzima obukhethekileyo kunye nokumelana nokugqoka nangona iindleko eziphezulu zokuqala.

 

Q3. Ziziphi ukunyamezela okunokuthi kuphunyezwe nge-powder metal compaction tooling? 

Isixhobo sokudibanisa isinyithi somgubo sinokufikelela ekunyamezeleni okuqinileyo. Emva kokulinganisa kunye nokulinganisa, ukuchaneka komda kunokufikelela kwi-IT6-IT7, kunye namacandelo amancinci afumana ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo njenge-± 5 μm. Imilinganiselo yeradial inokulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe ± 0.01 mm kumacandelo athile ane-sintered.

 

Q4. Ingaba isinyithi somgubo sithelekisa njani iindleko kunye neendlela zokwenziwa kwemveli?

Isinyithi somgubo singonga malunga ne-68% yeendleko zizonke xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso zoomatshini. Oku kusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kungenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kuyo yonke le nkqubo kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwemathiriyeli ekrwada. Nangona kunjalo, ifuna ukubaleka okukhulu kwemveliso ukuze kuxhamle ngokwezoqoqosho ngenxa yotyalo-mali oluphezulu lwezixhobo zokuqala.

 

Q5. Ziziphi izicwangciso ezinokwandisa ubomi besixhobo sesinyithi somgubo? 

Ukwandisa ubomi besixhobo, abavelisi banokulawula ukuveliswa kobushushu, balungiselele imiphetho yesixhobo ngokufanelekileyo, basebenzise iingubo ezifanelekileyo zokugquma, balungise iindlela zesixhobo, kwaye banciphise ubude begeji phakathi kwesiphelo sesixhobo kunye nesibambi. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuphumeza ukulungiswa komgangatho wokuqala nako kunokufaka isandla kubomi obude besixhobo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokulondoloza ekuhambeni kwexesha.