IsiKhokelo esiBanzi kwiMetal yePowder

Yintoni iMetals ewumgubo?

Inkcazo kunye neZiseko

Iinxalenye zentsimbi yomgubo (PM) zenziwe ngomgubo wentsimbi ocoleke kakhulu oxiniweyo kwaye ufakwe sinter ukuze ufezekise ukumila kwawo kokugqibela. Oku kwahluke kakhulu kumalungu atyhidiweyo, aqala ubomi bawo njengesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, okanye kwiindawo ezenziwe ngoomatshini okanye ezixonxiweyo, eziqala njengentsimbi yesitokhwe. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwesinyithi yomgubo yenza kube lula ukwenza iinxalenye ezinejometri enzima kakhulu. Ngelixa iindawo ezinjalo zinokwenziwa ngokusalwa okanye ngoomatshini, iindleko zokuvelisa zonyuka kakhulu njengoko ukuntsonkotha kunyuka. Amalungu e-PM, nangona kunjalo, ahlala engabizi kakhulu nakwijiyometri entsonkothileyo kwaye anokwenza iindawo ezingenakwenzeka ukuba zenziwe kusetyenziswa naziphi na ezinye iindlela.

I-Net okanye iNgcaciso yokwenziwa kwe-Net

Olunye uncedo oluphambili lwe-powder metal kukuba yinkqubo yokuvelisa inetha okanye kufuphi nenetha ekhokelela kwizinto ezincinci zenkunkuma. Kunokuba ukhuphe ijometri kunye nezixhobo zokwenza inxalenye, i-PM ayichithi nayiphi na isinyithi, iyenza ibe yinkqubo esebenzayo kunye neyokugcinwa kokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yokuba i-PM idityaniswe ngokusondeleyo nemveliso encediswa yikhompyuter, iinxalenye zinokudalwa ukuze kwangaxeshanye zongeze ubunzima, amandla, ukuqina, nokuqina. Oku kubalulekile kwizicelo kumashishini afana ne-aerospace, apho ubunzima kufuneka buncitshiswe.

Inkqubo yokwenziwa kweNsimbi yomgubo

Ukuveliswa komgubo

Iinxalenye ze-PM eziqhelekileyo zenziwe ngamanyathelo amathathu asisiseko: ukudibanisa umgubo wesinyithi (i-pulverization), i-die compaction, kunye ne-sintering yemveliso. Amanyathelo awongezelelweyo onyango lobushushu anokufuneka emva kokutshiza ukufezekisa ukuxinana okufanelekileyo, imilinganiselo, kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu.

I-Pulverization kunye neSieving

I-Pulverization kunye ne-sieving ilungiselela i-powders yesinyithi ukuze isetyenziswe kwi-PM. Ii powders zinokwahluka kuzo zombini iimilo (ezinye ziyilelwe ukuba zingqukuva) kunye nobukhulu. I-Metallic powders inokuveliswa ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukucola, ukutyumza, ukufakwa kwe-electrolytic, ukuphendula kweekhemikhali, kunye ne-atomization. Ubungakanani kunye nokumila kwamasuntswana zizinto ezibalulekileyo xa kuyilwa inxalenye yokuvelisa ngeendlela ze-PM.

Die Compaction

I-Die compaction ifezekiswa ngokusebenzisa isixa esimiselweyo soxinzelelo kwiqondo lokushisa. Umgubo ucinezelwe kwidayi ukuze wenze ubume obufunwayo.

Sintering

I-Sintering ibandakanya ukufudumeza umgubo odibeneyo kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo ze-atmospheric. Le nkqubo idibanisa i-powder particles kunye, ukwandisa amandla kunye nobuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo. Iinkqubo zobushushu besibini zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukomeleza iipropati zoomatshini kunye nokuchaneka komda.

IiNkqubo zeMetal zePowder eziPhezulu

IiNkqubo ze-PM zesiNtu

Iinkqubo ezininzi ze-PM ziye zaphuhliswa ukususela kwi-1940s, kubandakanywa i powder forging, hot isostatic pressing (HIP), i-metal injection molding (MIM), kunye ne-electric current assisted sintering (ECAS).

Ukwenziwa komgubo

Kwi-powder forging, i-pre-form yenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokushicilela kunye neendlela ze-sinter, kodwa inxalenye ifudunyezwa kwaye ishushu ifakwe, ibangele inxalenye yoxinaniso olupheleleyo kunye neepropati ezenziweyo.

I-Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)

I-HIP ibandakanya ukubeka i-powder kwi-can metal, ethi emva koko i-vacuum-itywinwe kwaye ixhomekeke kumaqondo aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo kwi-press eshushu ye-isostatic. Le nkqubo ivelisa inxalenye egqityiweyo enemilo echanekileyo kunye nobuninzi obupheleleyo.

Ukubunjwa kwesitofu sesinyithi (MIM)

I-MIM ixuba umgubo wesinyithi ongqukuva kunye neplastiki okanye isibophelelo sewax, yenze indawo ekufutshane neqinileyo ebumba ngenaliti. Emva kokuqhawula kunye ne-sintering, inxalenye ifezekisa ukuxinana okuphezulu kunye nejometri eyinkimbinkimbi.

I-Sintering yangoku yoMbane eNcedayo (ECAS)

I-ECAS isebenzisa imisinga yombane ukunyusa ubuninzi bepowder, ukunciphisa kakhulu umjikelezo we-thermal ofunekayo ukuze kugcinwe amandla kunye nobuninzi becandelo lokugqibela. Le nkqubo ifanelekile kwiimilo ezilula.

UVeliso oloNgezelelweyo (AM)

Imveliso eyongezelelweyo (AM), okanyemetal 3D yoshicilelo, yindlela entsha ye-PM. Yakha umaleko wamacandelo ngomaleko usebenzisa i-laser sintering okanye ukunyibilika komgubo wesinyithi, okuvumela iijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso. I-AM isetyenziselwa iiprototypes kunye neendawo ezisebenzayo kwi-aerospace, unyango, kunye namashishini emoto.

Iindlela ze-AM

1. Ukwenziwa kwe-Electron Beam Manufacturing (EBM): Usebenzisa umqa we-electron ukuwelda umgubo wesinyithi kwindawo efunxayo, ukuthintela i-oxidation.
2. Ngqo Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS): Isebenzisa i-laser beam kwindawo ye-argon ukwenza umgubo wesinyithi we-sinter, ukudala iindawo ezichanekileyo kakhulu.

Izicelo kunye nezinto eziluncedo kwi-Powder Metal

Izicelo zoShishino

Ishishini le-Aerospace

I-PM isetyenziselwa izinto ezilula, ezinamandla aphezulu kwi-aerospace. Iinkampani ezifana Umchweli Technology Corporation igcisa kubuchwephesha be-PM obuphambili kweli candelo.

Ushishino lweemoto

Amalungu e-PM asetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinjini zeemoto, ukuhanjiswa, kunye neegesi, ukubonelela ngokugqwesileyo kokunxiba kunye namandla. Iintsimbi ze-GKN zeSinter ngumthengisi ohamba phambili kolu shishino.

Izixhobo zonyango

I-PM ilungele ukufakelwa kwezonyango kunye neprosthetics ngenxa ye-biocompatibility yayo. Iinkampani ezifana Zimmer Biomet ukunyusa i-PM kwizixhobo zonyango ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Electronics

Kwi-electronics, i-PM yenza izinto eziphathekayo, izixhobo eziqhubayo, kunye neendawo eziphezulu zokusebenza.I-Hitachi Powdered Metals Co., Ltd. yaziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwayo ngokutsha kwe-PM kumacandelo e-elektroniki.

Izinto eziluncedo zeMetal powder

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwezinto

I-PM iyayinciphisa inkcitho yezinto eziphathekayo, iyenze ibe yinkqubo yokwenziwa esebenzayo nezinzileyo.

Iijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo

I-PM ivumela ukuveliswa kweemilo eziyinkimbinkimbi enzima okanye engenakwenzeka ukuyifumana ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo.

Iipropati ezihambelanayo

Ubume obulawulwayo be-PM buqinisekisa iipropati ezihambelanayo kunye neziqikelelwayo, eziyimfuneko kwizicelo eziphezulu zokusebenza.

Iindleko-Ukusebenza

I-PM inexabiso elisebenzayo kwimveliso enkulu, enikezela ukugcinwa okubalulekileyo kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye neendleko zokucubungula.

Imingeni kunye neeNdlela zekamva

Imingeni yobuGcisa

1. Ulawulo lwe-Porosity: Ukulawula kunye nokunciphisa i-porosity ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kunye namandla emveliso yokugqibela.
2. Ukufana kweePropati: Ukufikelela kwiimpawu zemathiriyeli ezifanayo kulo lonke icandelo, ngakumbi kwiimilo ezintsonkothileyo.

Izinto ezintsha kunye neeNdlela zekamva

1. Imveliso eyongezelelweyo: Ukudibanisa i-PM kunye nemveliso eyongezelelweyo ukuvelisa iindawo ezinzima, eziqhelekileyo kunye nenkunkuma encinci.
2. Izicelo zeNanoparticle: Ukusebenzisa i-nanoparticles kwi-PM ukunyusa iipropati eziphathekayo kunye nokwenza izicelo ezintsha.

Ukuqukumbela

I-metallurgy yomguboItekhnoloji yemveliso ebalulekileyo ebonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, ukusuka ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwezinto ukuya ekubeni nako ukuvelisa iimilo ezintsonkothileyo. Njengoko amashishini aqhubeka efuna amacandelo aphezulu, ikusasa le-powder metal libukeka lithembisa, kunye nezinto ezintsha eziqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa. Iingcali zemizi-mveliso ziyakhuthazwa ukuba zithathele ingqalelo i-metallurgy yomgubo kwiimfuno zabo zokuvelisa, zisebenzise iingenelo zayo ezizodwa ukuze zifumane iziphumo eziphezulu.

Iimbekiselo

1. Uluhlu olubanzi lwemithombo, amanqaku, kunye nezifundo kwi-powder metallurgy ukuze ufunde ngakumbi kunye nokuqonda okuneenkcukacha.