1. Gina kayan aiki da aikin

Ana iya rarraba Gears gabaɗaya zuwa nau'i biyu: zoben haƙori da jikin ƙafafu, duk da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan injina. Rukunin da ke biyowa sun ƙunshi gear silindi na gama gari: kayan faifai, kayan hannu, kayan ciki, kayan shaft, kayan sassa, da tara. Kayan diski shine nau'in da aka fi amfani dashi a cikin su.

Za a iya kasancewa zobe ko zobe akan kayan siliki. Na'urar zobe guda ɗaya na al'ada ana samun sauƙin kera; duk da haka, kafada akai-akai yana rinjayar ƙaramin zoben haƙori na gears biyu ko sau uku, yana iyakance dabarun masana'anta waɗanda za a iya amfani da su.

2. Madaidaicin buƙatun kayan aikin silinda

 Daidaitaccen masana'anta na kayan aikin kanta yana da tasiri mai girma akan aikin aiki, ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi da rayuwar sabis na injin gabaɗaya. Dangane da yanayin amfani da kayan aikin, ana gabatar da buƙatu masu zuwa don watsa kayan aikin:

(1) Daidaitaccen motsi - ana buƙatar cewa kayan aiki na iya watsa motsi daidai, kuma rabon watsawa ya kasance akai-akai, wato, kuskuren kusurwa na gear a cikin juyin juya hali bai wuce wani iyaka ba.

(2) Smoothness na aiki - ana buƙatar motsi na jigilar kaya don zama santsi, kuma tasiri, rawar jiki da amo suna da ƙananan. Wannan yana buƙatar iyakance canji a cikin saurin saurin gaggawa lokacin da kayan aikin ke juyawa ya zama ƙarami, wato, iyakance kuskuren kusurwa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.

(3) Daidaitaccen lamba - Lokacin da kayan aikin ke watsa wutar lantarki, don kar a sanya damuwa ta lamba ta yi girma sosai saboda rashin daidaituwa na kaya, yana haifar da lalacewa da wuri na haƙori, wanda ke buƙatar haɗin saman haƙori ya zama daidai lokacin da kayan aikin ke aiki, kuma tabbatar da cewa akwai wani yanki na lamba kuma ya dace da buƙatun matsayin lamba.

(4) Tsabtace gefen haƙori - Lokacin da ake buƙatar tuƙi, akwai takamaiman tazara tsakanin saman haƙoran da ba sa aiki don adana mai mai mai da ramawa ga canje-canjen girman da yanayin zafi da nakasar roba ke haifar da wasu kurakurai a cikin sarrafawa da haɗuwa.

3. Gear kayan

Ya kamata a yi amfani da kayan aiki daidai da yanayin aiki na kayan da suka dace. Ayyukan injina da rayuwar sabis na gears suna tasiri kai tsaye ta zaɓin kayan.

• • Zaɓin zaɓi na gabaɗaya don ƙananan ƙarfe da matsakaici na carbon alloy, kamar 20Cr, 40Cr, 20CrMnTi, da sauransu, da matsakaicin ƙarfe na carbon, kamar karfe 45.
• • 38CrMoAlA nitride karfe abu ne mai dacewa don mahimman kayan aiki tare da buƙatu mafi girma. Sauran kayan da za a iya amfani da su don kayan aikin watsawa marasa ƙarfi sun haɗa da baƙin ƙarfe, plywood, da nailan.

4. Maganin zafi na gears

A cikin sarrafa kayan aiki, ana tsara hanyoyin magance zafi guda biyu bisa dalilai daban-daban:

1) Blank zafi magani: shirya pre-zafi magani normalizing ko tempering kafin da kuma bayan da hakori blank aiki, babban manufar shi ne don kawar da saura danniya lalacewa ta hanyar ƙirƙira da roughing, inganta machinability na abu da kuma inganta m inji Properties.

2) Maganin zafi na haƙori: Bayan sarrafa siffar haƙori, don haɓaka taurin haƙori da sa juriya na haƙoran haƙora, ƙurar ƙurar ƙura, ƙyalli mai ƙarfi na induction dumama hardening, carbonitriding da nitriding zafin magani ana aiwatar da su akai-akai.

5. Kayan kwalliya

Kayayyakin mashaya, ƙirƙira, da simintin gyare-gyare sune mafi yawancin nau'ikan kayan aikin da ba kowa. Ana amfani da kayan mashaya don ƙananan diamita gears tare da madaidaicin gini da ƙarancin buƙatun ƙarfi. Gears tare da diamita mafi girma fiye da 400-600 mm galibi ana jefa su a sarari, amma ƙirƙira ƙirƙira iri-iri suma suna yawan zama lokacin da kayan ke buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfi, juriya, da juriya mai tasiri. Don manya da ƙananan madaidaicin gears, ana iya jefa haƙoran gear kai tsaye don rage mashin ɗin; don ƙanana da ƙaƙƙarfan gears, sabbin matakai kamar foda ƙarfe, mirgina mai zafi, extrusion sanyi, simintin matsa lamba, simintin daidaitaccen simintin gyare-gyare, da ƙwaƙƙwaran simintin gyare-gyare za a iya amfani da su don samar da billet ɗin haƙori tare da haƙoran gear, haɓaka yawan aiki da adana albarkatun ƙasa.

Zaɓin machining makirci na hakori blank

Don kayan aikin shaft da kayan hannu, tsarin sarrafawa yana kama da babban shaft da kayan hannu, tsarin sarrafa kayan diski galibi ana tattaunawa.

Fasahar sarrafa kayan haƙori ya dogara ne akan tsarin kayan aikin da nau'in samarwa.

(1) Yawaitar yawan samar da aikin haƙori mara amfani

Lokacin da aka sarrafa adadin matsakaicin matsakaicin girman haƙori, ana amfani da tsarin aiwatarwa na “hako ɗayan motar kayan aiki ɗaya”:

1) Hakowa ko reaming tare da m da'irar waje da kuma karshen fuska matsayi;

2) Lakoni;

3) A waje da'irar, karshen fuska, tsagi da chamfering na m karewa mota a Multi-kayan aiki Semi-atomatik lathe suna matsayi da ramuka.

Wannan tsarin tsari na iya haɗawa da layin taro ko layi na atomatik saboda amfani da kayan aikin inji mai inganci, don haka samar da ingantaccen aiki yana da girma.

Ana yawan amfani da tsarin aiwatar da “mota ta ja mota” wajen sarrafa kayan haƙoran da aka samar a batches.

1) Zuwa da'irar waje na billet ɗin haƙori ko sanya dabaran, da'irar da'irar waje mai kyau, ƙarshen fuska, da rami na ciki; 2) Taimaka wa ramin spline ko ramukan ja ta amfani da fuskar ƙarshen; 3) Daidaita kyakkyawar da'irar mota ta waje da kuma ƙarshen fuska tare da ramuka.

Ana iya samun wannan maganin ta hanyar lathes a kwance ko turret lathes da injunan tsinke. An halin da barga aiki ingancin da high samar yadda ya dace. Lokacin da babur rami mai haƙori yana da matakai ko fuskar ƙarshen yana da tsagi, zai iya yin cikakken amfani da kayan aiki da yawa akan lathe turret don aiwatar da mashin ɗin tashoshi da yawa, kuma ya gama aikin injin ɗin babu komai akan turret lathe lokaci ɗaya.

Hanyar sarrafa hakori

Mashin ɗin haƙori na zoben gear shine jigon duk kayan aikin injin. Akwai matakai da yawa a cikin sarrafa kayan aiki, waɗanda suke don siffar sabis ɗin sarrafa kayan aiki, manufar ita ce a ƙarshe samun kayan aikin da ya dace da daidaitattun buƙatun.
Bisa ga ka'idar inji, za a iya raba siffar hakori zuwa hanyar kafawa da kuma hanyar haɓakawa. Hanyar kafa ita ce hanyar yanke saman hakori tare da kayan aikin da ya dace da siffar rami na kayan aikin da za a yanke, kamar niƙa hakora, zana hakora da kafa hakora. Hanyar haɓaka ita ce hanyar yanke saman haƙori bisa ga alaƙar meshing tsakanin kayan aiki da kayan aiki, kamar hobbing, mai siffar kaya, aski, niƙa da honing.
Zaɓin tsarin ƙirar ƙirar haƙori ya dogara ne akan madaidaicin sa, tsarin tsari, nau'in samarwa da yanayin samar da kayan. Ga gears masu ma'auni madaidaici daban-daban, tsarin ƙirar ƙirar haƙori da aka saba amfani da shi shine kamar haka:

1) Gear tare da daidaito na 8. Gear hobbing ko gear shaper na iya biyan bukatun. Don taurara kayan aiki za a iya amfani da: mirgine (saka) hakori - hakori karshen machining - quenching - gyara rami sarrafa makirci. Amma ya kamata a inganta machining ainihin siffar hakori kafin a kashe.
2) 6-7 daidaitattun kayan aiki. Don taurara kayan za a iya amfani da: m hobbing - lafiya hobbing - hakori karshen machining - lafiya shaving - surface quenching - calibration datum - kaya honing.
3) Gear tare da daidaito na 5 ko sama. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da su: m hobbing - lafiya hobbing - hakori karshen machining - quenching - calibration datum - m nika - lafiya nika. Nika ita ce hanyar injina tare da mafi girman daidaici kuma mafi ƙarancin ƙimar saman ƙasa a cikin injin bayanan bayanan haƙora a halin yanzu, kuma mafi girman daidaito na iya kaiwa matakan 3-4.

Hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo masu alaƙa

Powder metallurgy gears

Karfe allura gyare-gyare tsari

Foda karfe tsari