1. Kupanga ndi ntchito yake

Magiya amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mphete ya dzino ndi thupi lamagudumu, mosasamala kanthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso makulidwe ake obwera chifukwa cha makina awo ambiri. Magulu otsatirawa amakhala ndi ma cylindrical giya wamba: zida za disk, zida zamamanja, zida zamkati, zida za shaft, zida zamagulu, ndi choyikapo. Disk gear ndiye mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakati pawo.

Mphete kapena mphete zitha kukhalapo pa giya ya cylindrical. Chida chofanana cha mphete imodzi chimapangidwa mosavuta; komabe, phewa nthawi zambiri limakhudza mphete yaying'ono ya magiya awiri kapena atatu, kuletsa njira zopangira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

2. Zofunikira zolondola za zida za cylindrical

 Kulondola kopanga zidazo kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito, kunyamula mphamvu ndi moyo wautumiki wa makina onse. Malinga ndi momwe giya imagwiritsidwira ntchito, izi zimayikidwa patsogolo pakutumiza zida:

(1) Kulondola kwa kayendetsedwe kake - kumafunika kuti zidazo zizitha kufalitsa kayendetsedwe kake, ndipo chiwerengero cha kufalitsa chimakhala chokhazikika, ndiko kuti, cholakwika cha Angle cha gear pakusintha sichidutsa mtundu wina.

(2) Kusalala kwa ntchito - kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka gear kamayenera kukhala kosalala, ndipo zotsatira zake, kugwedezeka ndi phokoso ndizochepa. Izi zimafuna kuchepetsa kusintha kwa liwiro lachangu pomwe giya imazungulira kuti ikhale yaying'ono, ndiye kuti, kuchepetsa cholakwika cha Angle pakanthawi kochepa.

(3) Kulumikizana molondola - Pamene zida zimatumiza mphamvu, kuti musapangitse kukhudzana ndi kupanikizika kwakukulu chifukwa cha kugawidwa kwa katundu wosagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali ya dzino, zomwe zimafuna kuti kukhudzana kwa dzino kukhale kofanana pamene zida zikugwira ntchito, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali malo ena okhudzana ndi kukhudzana ndi kukwaniritsa zofunikira za malo okhudzana.

(4) Chilolezo cha mbali ya dzino - Pamene giya ikuyenera kuyendetsedwa, pali kusiyana kwina pakati pa malo osagwira ntchito kuti asungire mafuta odzola ndikubwezera kusintha kwa kutentha komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kutentha ndi kupunduka zotanuka ndi zolakwika zina pokonza ndi kusonkhanitsa.

3. Zida zamagetsi

Zipangizo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Kuchita kwa makina ndi moyo wautumiki wa magiya amakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kusankha kwazinthu.

• • Kusankhidwa kwa zida zonse zazitsulo zotsika ndi zapakati za carbon alloy, monga 20Cr, 40Cr, 20CrMnTi, etc., ndi zitsulo zapakati za carbon, monga 45 zitsulo.
• • Chitsulo cha 38CrMoAlA nitride ndi chinthu choyenera magiya ofunika omwe ali ndi zofunikira zapamwamba. Zida zina zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamagiya osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi monga chitsulo choponyedwa, plywood, ndi nayiloni.

4. Kutentha kwa magiya

Pokonza zida, njira ziwiri zochizira kutentha zimakonzedwa molingana ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana:

1) Kuchiza kopanda kanthu: konzani chithandizo cha kutentha chisanadze kapena kutenthetsa musanayambe komanso pambuyo pa mano opanda kanthu, cholinga chachikulu ndikuchotsa kupsinjika kotsalira komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kufota ndi roughing, kukonza machinability azinthu ndikuwongolera zida zamakina.

2) Kuchiza kutentha kwa dzino: Pambuyo pokonza mawonekedwe a mano, kuti apititse patsogolo kuuma ndi kuvala kukana kwa dzino, kuuma kwa carburizing, kuumitsa kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono, carbonitriding ndi nitriding njira zochizira kutentha nthawi zambiri zimachitika.

5. Zida zopanda kanthu

Zida zama bar, zopangira, ndi zoponya zimapanga zida zambiri zopanda kanthu. Zida za bar zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagiya ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi zomanga zowongoka komanso zofunikira zochepa zamphamvu. Magiya okhala ndi mainchesi okulirapo kuposa 400-600 mm nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda kanthu, koma zopangira zinthu zambiri zimakhalanso pafupipafupi pomwe zida zimafuna mphamvu zambiri, kukana kuvala, komanso kukana kukhudzidwa. Kwa magiya akuluakulu ndi otsika, mano a gear amatha kuponyedwa mwachindunji kuti achepetse makina; kwa magiya ang'onoang'ono komanso owoneka bwino, njira zatsopano monga zitsulo za ufa, kugudubuzika kotentha, kutulutsa kozizira, kuponyera, kuponyera mwatsatanetsatane, ndi kuponyera mwatsatanetsatane zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mabilu a mano okhala ndi mano a gear, kukonza zokolola zantchito ndikusunga zopangira.

Kusankhidwa kwa Machining chiwembu cha dzino opanda kanthu

Kwa zida za shaft ndi manja, njira yosinthira imakhala yofanana ndi shaft ndi zida zamanja, njira yopangira zida za disc imakambidwa makamaka.

Ukadaulo wopangira mano opanda kanthu makamaka zimatengera kapangidwe ka thupi la giya ndi mtundu wa kupanga.

(1) Kuchuluka kwa kupanga kochuluka kwa mano opanda kanthu

Pamene chiwerengero chachikulu chazitsulo zapakatikati chikukonzedwa, ndondomeko ya "kubowola galimoto imodzi yachitsulo" imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1) Kubowola kapena kubwezeretsanso ndi bwalo lakunja lopanda kanthu ndikuyika nkhope yomaliza;

2) Lacon;

3) Bwalo lakunja, nkhope yakumapeto, grooving ndi kuseketsa kwagalimoto yomangika pamakina opangira zida zambiri zokhala ndi mabowo.

Chiwembu ichi chikhoza kupangidwa ndi mzere wa msonkhano kapena mzere wodziwikiratu chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina bwino, kotero kuti kupanga kwake kumakhala kwakukulu.

Ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya "galimoto yokoka galimoto" imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pokonza mapepala a mano opangidwa m'magulu.

1) Ku bwalo lakunja la gudumu la dzino kapena kuyika kwa gudumu, kuzungulira kwakunja kozungulira, nkhope yomaliza, ndi dzenje lamkati; 2) Thandizani dzenje la spline kapena kukoka-bowo pogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto; 3) Kuyanjanitsa bwalo lakunja lagalimoto yabwino ndikumapeto kumabowo.

Njira yothetsera vutoli ikhoza kutheka ndi lathes yopingasa kapena turret lathes ndi makina broaching. Iwo amakhala ndi khola processing khalidwe ndi mkulu kupanga dzuwa. Ngati dzenje lopanda dzino liri ndi masitepe kapena kumapeto kwake kuli ndi mikwingwirima, limatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri pa turret lathe kupanga makina opangira masitepe ambiri, ndikumaliza makina opanda kanthu pa turret lathe nthawi imodzi.

Gear dzino processing njira

Makina opangira mano a mphete ya zida ndiye maziko a makina onse a zida. Pali njira zambiri pakukonza zida, zomwe zimakhala za mawonekedwe a ntchito yosinthira zida, cholinga chake ndikupeza zida zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira.
Malinga ndi Machining mfundo, mawonekedwe dzino akhoza kugawidwa mu kupanga njira ndi chitukuko njira. Njira yopangira mano ndi njira yodulira dzino pamwamba ndi chida chopangira chomwe chimagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a groove ya giya yodulidwa, monga mphero, kujambula mano ndi kupanga mano. Njira yopangira mano ndi njira yodulira dzino molingana ndi kulumikizana kwa ma meshing pakati pa chida chamagetsi ndi chogwirira ntchito, monga kupukuta, kumeta, kumeta, kugaya ndi kumeta.
Kusankha mano mawonekedwe Machining chiwembu makamaka zimadalira mwatsatanetsatane kalasi, mawonekedwe structural, kupanga mtundu ndi zinthu kupanga zida. Kwa magiya okhala ndi magiredi olondola mosiyanasiyana, chiwembu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mano ndi motere:

1) Zida zomwe zili ndi giredi 8 molondola. Kuwotchera zida kapena giya shaper akhoza kukwaniritsa zofunika. Pakuti zida owumitsidwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito: mpukutu (ikani) dzino - mano mapeto Machining - kuzimitsa - kukonza dzenje processing chiwembu. Koma Machining mwatsatanetsatane mawonekedwe dzino ayenera bwino pamaso kuzimitsa.
2) 6-7 mwatsatanetsatane zida. Pa magiya owumitsidwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito: kumeta movutikira - kupukuta bwino - kumeta mano - kumeta bwino - kuzimitsa pamwamba - calibration datum - kumeta zida.
3) Zida zokhala ndi giredi 5 molondola kapena pamwamba. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri: kupukuta movutikira - kupukuta bwino - kukonza mano - kuzimitsa - kuwerengetsa datum - kugaya movutikira - kupera bwino. Kupera ndi njira yopangira yolondola kwambiri komanso yocheperako kwambiri pamakina amtundu wa mano pakadali pano, ndipo kulondola kwambiri kumatha kufika pamiyezo 3-4.

Zogwirizana zothandizira

Zida zaufa zitsulo

Metal jakisoni akamaumba ndondomeko

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